Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaf Extract and Rhodomyrtone Combat Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilm and Inhibit Invasiveness to
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Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaf Extract and Rhodomyrtone Combat Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilm and Inhibit Invasiveness to Human Lung Epithelial and Enhance Pneumococcal Phagocytosis by Macrophage Watcharapong Mitsuwan1,2 · Phitchayapak Wintachai2 · Supayang P. Voravuthikunchai1,2 Received: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf has been traditionally used to treat many infections. This plant species has been documented to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract and its potent purified compound, rhodomyrtone, on Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors including biofilms, capsule formation, and invasiveness which play important roles in infections. Ethanol leaf extract and rhodomyrtone demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 16–32 µg/ml and 0.125–1 µg/ml, respectively. The ability of the extract and rhodomyrtone to prevent biofilm formation and eradicate mature biofilms was assessed. The extract and rhodomyrtone at 1/8 × MIC significantly inhibited biofilm formation in all clinical isolates (P
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