Smart Products
- PDF / 244,205 Bytes
- 5 Pages / 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page_size
- 0 Downloads / 134 Views
Smart Products Michael Abramovici* Lehrstuhl f€ ur Maschinenbauinformatik, Ruhr-Universit€at Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Synonyms Smart system
Definition Smart Products are cyber-physical products/systems (CPS) which additionally use and integrate internetbased services in order to perform a required functionality. CPS are defined as “intelligent” mechatronic products/systems capable of communicating and interacting with other CPS by using different communication channels, i.e., the internet or wireless LAN (Lee 2010; Rajkumar et al. 2010).
Theory and Application Definition of Products The term product [lat. productus] has a diversity of meanings in the context of different disciplines. For example, in mathematics, a product is the result of a multiplication. In chemistry, the term “product” refers to substances resulting from chemical reactions. In economics, the gross domestic product (GDM) measures the economic performance of a country or region. In marketing, a product is defined as anything that can be offered to a market and might satisfy a want or need (Kotler and Keller 2006). The definition of products observed in this entry is geared to the engineering-specific perspective described in the EN ISO 9000 guideline. In accordance with this guideline, “a product is a physical or digital good, resulting from a value adding process (i.e., manufacturing process) and offered to the market to satisfy customer needs” (DIN EN ISO 2005). This definition makes a clear distinction between products (goods) and product-related services as complementary counterparts to these products. Services are defined as activity chains intended to generate customer value. In the last decades, products and product-related services have also been offered as integrated solutions aiming to provide customer satisfaction and value. These bundled offerings are defined as Product Service Systems (Meier et al. 2010). The spectrum of industrial products is very large, ranging from single components (i.e., screws, axes, or chips) to extremely complex systems (i.e., cars, airplanes, or factories), from nano to macro products, from mass-produced to mass-customized or personalized products. For very complex or networked products, the term “product system” is used as a synonym. According to the International Council of System Engineering INCOSE, a system is a construct or a collection of different elements that together produce results not obtainable by the elements alone (INCOSE 2014). In the following definition of Smart Products, the generic term “product” will be used for both single, simple products and complex product systems.
*Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 5
CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_16785-1 # CIRP 2015
Definition of “Smart”
The meaning of the adjective “smart” is described in several dictionaries as related to the attributes of “clever, intelligent, bright, agile” etc. (Webster Dictionary 2014).
Evolution of Traditional Products Towards “Smart Products” In order to bet
Data Loading...
