Synthesis and characterization of GO/FeSO 4 composites for the effective removal of Hg 2+ and Cd 2+ ions from the synthe
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ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS
Synthesis and characterization of GO/FeSO4 composites for the effective removal of Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions from the synthetic effluent Babu Palanivel 1 & Sivakumar Vaiyazhipalayam Murugaiyan 1 & Thirumarimurugan Marimuthu 1 Received: 8 April 2019 / Accepted: 16 July 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Heavy metals like Cd and Hg removal using novel graphene oxide/ferrous sulfate (GO/FeSO4) was taken for experimental studies and analysis. In this work, GO/ FeSO4 was synthesized by both modified Hummer’s and chemical precipitation method. The synthesized composite was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy for their properties. Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis was characterized for the surface analysis of the prepared nanocomposites. FESEM images exhibit flake-like structures in surface morphological studies. FTIR peaks confirmed the presence of carboxyl groups in GO. Raman spectroscopy intensity peak [ID/ IG ratio1.18] confirmed the synthesized sample was GO. The experimental parameters such as initial concentration, pH, and adsorbent dosage were optimized to achieve maximum heavy metal removal efficiency. The influence of initial heavy metal concentration (0.2–1 mg/L), pH of solution (pH 3–7), and adsorbent dosage (1–5 g/L) was studied and reported. Adsorption kinetic studies were performed and the process was found to fit well with pseudo-second-order kinetics. Keywords GO/FeSO4 composite . Cadmium . Mercury . Adsorption . Kinetics
Introduction Due to the rapid development of industries and increase in population, environment is affected to a greater extend. Water pollution is the major problem because of heavy metals contamination by industrial effluents. Heavy metals are highly toxic and carcinogenic to environment and human health (Hao et al. 2018). Hence, the removal of heavy metals from wastewater or to reduce their concentration and to protect the environment as well as human health are the prime concern. Several wastewater technologies are used to remove heavy metals such as precipitation, oxidation, ion exchange, membrane separation, and adsorption. Among these, adsorption process is more efficient because of its eco-friendly and less Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * Sivakumar Vaiyazhipalayam Murugaiyan [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641014, India
capital cost investment (Wu et al. 2019). In recent years, nanoscience and engineering paved new opportunities to extend more commercially as well as environmentally suitable adsorbents via adsorption processes (Thakur et al. 2013). In this perspective, carbon-based graphene oxide (GO) material was excellent because of its surface properties (Zhang et al. 2017). As per literature studies, graphene (or) its nanohybrid forms were used to remove heavy metal ions
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