Synthesis of Novel Bio-based Urea-Urethane Aerogels In-Situ Impregnated with Catalytic Metallic Nanoparticles for the Re
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Synthesis of Novel Bio‑based Urea‑Urethane Aerogels In‑Situ Impregnated with Catalytic Metallic Nanoparticles for the Removal of Methylene Blue and Congo Red from Wastewater Rasha A. Azzam1 · Tarek M. Madkour2 Accepted: 11 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To combat environmental pollution resulting from discharge of hazardous contaminants into water streams, novel porous biocompatible urea-urethane aerogels in situ impregnated with catalytic metallic nanoparticles were synthesized. FTIR confirmed the formation of highly structured 2D-bifurcated hydrogen bonding network among neighboring urea groups creating aerogels that are strong enough to withstand the pressures of supercritical drying. In-situ impregnation with the catalytic metallic nanoparticles ensured that the systems are efficient in adsorbing, degrading and removing a variety of hazardous contaminants from polluted water. BET measurements indicated an almost reversible Type II isotherm and confirmed the macroporosity of the samples with surface area of around 6 m2 g−1. And swelling capvity of up to 700% The equilibrium uptake capacity of each contaminant increased with increasing the initial concentration due to the increasing driving force and has reached more than 90%. Thermodynamics interpretation indicated exothermic spontaneous processes for all systems with R2 values around 0.9. Almost all adsorption processes followed a Langmuirian type behavior. Kinetics profile revealed that the adsorption is best fitted by pseudo-second order model with an intra-particle diffusion model suggesting that both pore diffusion and contaminant uptake by the aerogels play pivotal role in controlling the kinetics of the adsorption process. Keywords Contaminant degradation and removal · Water pollution · Urea-urethane aerogel · Catalytic metallic nanoparticles · Adsorption
Introduction Environmental studies have shown major ecological devastations such as rivers pollution and lake eutrophication resulting from the discharge of dyes and dye-bearing effluents from many industries into water streams [1–5]. Textile industries, in particular, are the major producers of dye-polluted water [6]. The discharge of dyes doesn’t only harm the aesthetic nature of the environment but also causes severe Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01970-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tarek M. Madkour [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Helwan University, Ain‑Helwan 11795, Egypt
The Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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damage to aquatic life and human health. Estimated annual production of dyes worldwide is approximately one million tons while only minute amount of dyes in water can cause skin irritation, cancer, allergies and heart defects [7]. Unfortunately, while the magnitude of surface and underground water pollution is
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