Green synthesis of chitosan capped silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity
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MRS Advances © 2018 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.368
Green synthesis of chitosan capped silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity Zondi Nate1, Makwena Justice Moloto1,*, Pierre Kalenga Mubiayi1, Precious Nokwethemba Sibiya2 1
Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa.
2 Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01 Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa,
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] and Tel: +27(0)16 9506689
Abstract
Chitosan is a polymeric compound with functional groups which enable surface binding to nanoparticles and antibacterial activity. The antimicrobial activity was studied using silver nanoparticles with varied concentrations of chitosan. The nanoparticles were synthesized through a simple and environmentally friendly method at room temperature. Spherical particles with average sizes between 2 and 6 nm were obtained and their crystallinity showed a face-centered cubic phase. The evidence of chitosan presence on the nanoparticle surface was confirmed by the characteristic diffraction peak of chitosan and by FTIR spectra where the bonding of amine group could be depicted. The chitosan-capped silver nanoparticles showed good antibacterial and antifungal activities with MIC values between 0.20 and 1.5 mg.mL-1 compared to those obtained from most of references (up to 6.25 mg.mL -1) on the selected gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis), gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans).
INTRODUCTION Metal nanoparticles are of special importance due to their unique properties which are the most promising in application. Metallic nanoparticles have several physical and chemical properties which are different from their bulk metals. These properties include higher specific surface area, mechanical strengths, lower melting point and specific optical properties [1-3]. One of the fundamental attraction and characteristics of nanoparticles is its optical property. The size transition from the bulk material to nanoparticles range displays the quantum mechanical properties and also increases the dominance of surface atoms which in turn increases the chemical reactivity of a material
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[2, 4-5]. Metal nanoparticles such as silver have found more application in biological fields because of their unique antimicrobial properties [6-8]. Several methods have been developed for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles using both physical and chemical approaches [9-15]. In physical approach, evaporation-condensation and laser ablation are the mostly utilized methods. The limitation of physical approach for silver nanoparticle synthesis includes energ
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