The Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Wuhan, China
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The Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Wuhan, China Xueyi Li 1 & Jun Tian 1 & Qun Xu 1 Accepted: 15 November 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the epidemic outbreak in Wuhan, China. A total of 99 COVID-19 patients were recruited and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Scale. Results showed there was no significant difference in anxiety or depressive symptoms between male and female. Patients aged 46–60 years old had a higher ratio of both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Besides, patients whose hospital stays was longer than 14 days had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than those stays was less than 7 days. There was no significant difference in the correlation between level of dyspnea and the levels of anxiety or depressive symptoms. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients might have anxiety and depressive symptoms during hospitalization. Clinicians should pay attention to the middle age group and patients with longer hospital stays. Keywords COVID-19 . Anxiety symptom . Depressive symptom . Dyspnea . Patient
Introduction Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, the rapid development of the epidemic has aroused the public concern worldwide. According to the World Health Organization [1] report, there had been 40,114,293 confirmed cases of COVID19 in 235 countries as of 20, October, 2020. Those patients inevitably suffered from both physical symptoms and psychological pressure. The most common physical symptoms were fever (87.9%), fatigue (69.6%), dry cough (67.7%), and myalgia (34.8%) in China [2]. A
* Qun Xu [email protected]
1
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071 Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
Psychiatric Quarterly
proportion of confirmed cases were characterized by dyspnea and hypoxemia. Similar to patients reported during the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 patients were likely to develop the depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as other psychiatric disorders during their quarantine and hospitalization [3]. For COVID-19 patients, several stressors were reported related to the psychiatric implications, such as prognosis of COVID-19 [4], isolation with a limited social support [5], limited information about the epidemic [5], financial burden [4], and stigma [5]. Furthermore, the stress of the overload healthcare staff [6], widespread fear, and public concern [7] may exacerbate patients’ psychiatric symptoms (e.g., anxiety and depressive symptoms). Dyspnea, a subjective syndrome of breathing discomfort that varies in intensity, is associated with interact
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