The Foreign Policy of the Douglas-Home Government Britain, the Unite
This book provides an important study of a short-lived government making foreign policy in the shadow of an impending general election. It considers Britain's relations with the United States, Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
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The Foreign Policy of the Douglas-Home Government Britain, the United States and the End of Empire Andrew Holt Department of War Studies, King’s College London, UK
© Andrew Holt 2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-28440-2 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-44902-6 ISBN 978-1-137-28441-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137284119
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
For my mother
Contents Acknowledgements
ix
1 Introduction Sir Alec Douglas-Home R. A. Butler Foreign policy-making The European situation The historiographical debate
1 4 9 12 18 24
2 Anglo-American Relations and the Caribbean Personal relations Trade with Cuba The future of British Guiana Conclusion
27 29 31 37 43
3 NATO and the Multilateral Nuclear Force The origins of the MLF The British position The Thorneycroft proposals The European question, non-proliferation and the general election Conclusion
47 49 51 55
4 Africa, Race and the Commonwealth Arms sales to South Africa Southern Rhodesia Constitutional reform in Southern Rhodesia and the threat of UDI The Commonwealth Prime Ministers’ Conference Ian Smith’s visit to London Conclusion
64 65 70
5 Aden, Yemen and the Middle East The beginning of the Aden Emergency and disengagement in Yemen Fort Harib and its aftermath The move towards independence Conclusion
86
vii
59 61
74 78 80 83
90 93 98 101
viii
Contents
6 Confrontation in South-East As
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