The physiological and biochemical responses to engineered green graphene/metal nanocomposites in Stevia rebaudiana
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The physiological and biochemical responses to engineered green graphene/metal nanocomposites in Stevia rebaudiana Sedigheh Nokandeh1 • Moazzameh Ramezani2 • Mahyar Gerami1 Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 Ó Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2020
Abstract Stevia is a source of natural sweetener. Numerous researches showed that silver nanoparticles affected the yield and growth of agricultural crops. The effect of silver, graphene, and nanocomposite nanoparticles on a few biochemical and morphological parameters of the Stevia plant were studied. Synthesized Ag nanoparticles were confirmed by the absorption maxima and SEM micrograph. The use of nanocomposites at 40 mM, resulted in the higher chlorophyll content (25%) and increased accumulation of soluble sugars (27%), flavonoids (51%), total phenol (33%) and total protein (51%) as compared to the control plants. The plants treated with nanocomposite at a concentration of 60 mM, had more stevioside and rebaudioside content than plants treated with nanocomposite at a concentration of 40 mM. Keywords Graphene Nanocomposite Ag nanoparticle Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Plant extract Abbreviations AgNP BSA Chl IAA G S. rebaudiana CRD LSD
Silver nanoparticle Bovine serum albumin Chlorophyll Indole-3-acetic acid Graphene Stevia rebaudiana Completely randomized design Least significant difference
Stevia rebaudiana (S. rebaudiana) belongs to the Asteraceae family has a sweetener essence (Lemus-Mondaca et al. 2012). Recently, researchers have used some biotechnology techniques to enhance the plant production for drug production (Jain and Spencer 2006). The high content of sweet steviol glycosides is in stevia’s leaves (Geuns 2003). Researchers have focused on the application of nanoparticles in agriculture to improve crop quality,
& Moazzameh Ramezani [email protected] & Mahyar Gerami [email protected] 1
Plant Physiology Department, Faculty of Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
2
Biology Department, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
plant growth and disease control. Graphene is made from a one-atom-thick planar sheet of carbon atoms (Allen et al. 2009). Graphene has ability in environmental remediation application (Miralles et al. 2012). The properties of nanomaterials can be manipulated exactly by controlling the shape, size, and chemical composition of the materials. Nanomaterials can be synthesized with various chemical functional groups, like conjugation with plant products (Mody et al. 2010). To decrease the aggregation reaction of the graphene nanosheets, some inorganic nanoparticles such as metals have been interposed in the interlayer of the graphene nanosheets (Cheng et al. 2011). Metal nanoparticles can be incorporated in the graphene layers to prevent the aggregation of the graphene sheets in the dry state (Muszynski et al. 2008). Plant extracts are a potential source of a bioactive chemical compound that have been confirmed to be able reducing and capping agents for the biosynthesis o
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