Three-dimensional carbon nanotubes/iron oxyhydroxide shell/core hybrid as a binder-free electrode for the flexible super
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RESEARCH PAPER
Three-dimensional carbon nanotubes/iron oxyhydroxide shell/core hybrid as a binder-free electrode for the flexible supercapacitor Chi Xia & Mingzhe Leng & Baoguo Yuan & Debin Zhang & Wei Tao & Xiaoming Chai & Guoqiang Kong
Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Carbon nanotubes/iron oxyhydroxide (CNTs/FeOOH) three-dimensional hybrid with shell/ core nanostructure is designed as a binder-free electrode for the flexible supercapacitor (SC) application. The coiled and dense CNT forest is preferentially fabricated on flexible carbon fiber cloth (CC) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and employed as a highly conductive carrier for electrodeposition growth of FeOOH. The average diameter and length of the single CNT are 30– 60 nm and 2–3 μm. The shell/core structured CNTs/ FeOOH three-dimensional hybrid maintains the consistent interconnecting network morphology, contributing to overcoming the problem of poor conductivity of FeOOH and the transmission of electron channels and the diffusion of electrolyte ions. The CNTs/FeOOH hybrid exhibits a high mass-specific capacitance of 824 F g−1 (or 0.59 F cm−2) in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte at 0.5 mA cm−2. By increasing the FeOOH deposition weight, the enhanced area-specific capacitance of 0.892 F cm − 2 (or 564 F g − 1 ) is obtained at 0.5 mA cm−2, and the enhanced capacitance retention can reach 96% after 3000 charge/discharge cycles. Besides, a flexible SC is fabricated using the CNTs/ C. Xia (*) : B. Yuan : D. Zhang : W. Tao : X. Chai : G. Kong Institute of Shandong Non-Metallic Materials, Jinan 250031, China e-mail: [email protected] M. Leng (*) School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China e-mail: [email protected]
FeOOH hybrid electrode and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/Na2SO4 gel electrolyte. The SC displays an energy density as high as 13.33 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1000 W kg−1. The SC device shows large bending deformation, and these SC devices pack can drive a red diode to work. These results provide such a shell/core structured CNTs/FeOOH three-dimensional hybrid that can be used as potential and low-cost electrode material for flexible SC. Keywords Iron oxyhydroxide . Carbon nanotubes . Core-shell . Electrodeposition . Flexible supercapacitor . Nanoscale sensor
Introduction The bendable energy storage technologies have been widely concerned due to the emergence of numerous wearable intelligent electronic products (Zhang et al. 2018; Zhou et al. 2019). Among various energy storage devices, supercapacitors (SCs) can play a role in intermediating a combination between dielectric capacitors and batteries considering their fast charging/ discharging capability, inherent high-power delivery, and ultra-long cycling stability. The performance of electrode material is the key factor in the whole SC performance. Therefore, new materials have been explored and developed to improve the energy density of flexible SCs (Liu et al. 2019). Particularly, the flexible condu
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