Toward Mass Customized Architecture. Applying Principles of Mass Customization While Designing Site-Specific, Customer-I
Mass customization is established in many industries, but are not yet integrated in architecture and the building industry. This article presents a parametric timber toolkit under development. A flexible toolkit for parametrically designed timber structur
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Abstract Mass customization is established in many industries, but are not yet integrated in architecture and the building industry. This article presents a parametric timber toolkit under development. A flexible toolkit for parametrically designed timber structures, a toolkit that simplifies and substantiates a continuous digital workflow from global shape to digital fabrication and assembly—a toolkit that requires parametric thinking, not only parametric modelling skills. The toolkit proposes solutions to four recurrent workflow-related challenges that limit efficiency and quality while designing timber structures. A series of built case projects are used to exemplify and explain the toolkit. An important finding discussed in the end of the article is that parametric modelling, and partly the toolkit, changes our conception of what is considered a similar structure. Keywords Parametric design and fabrication strategies CNC and woodworking technology · Parametric timber engineering
J. H. Mork (B) · M. Luczkowski · B. Manum · A. Rønnquist Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway e-mail: [email protected] M. Luczkowski e-mail: [email protected] B. Manum e-mail: [email protected] A. Rønnquist e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 F. Bianconi and M. Filippucci (eds.), Digital Wood Design, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 24, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03676-8_7
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1 Introduction Is it possible to integrate the benefits of mass customization (MC) into architecture? How can architects apply the principles of MC while designing site-specific, customer-inclusive and bespoke timber structures? Mass customization, a term introduced by Stanley Davis in 1987 (Davis 1997), was later redefined by Andreas M. Kaplan and Michael Haenlein as follows: “Visionary traditional MC in a strategy that creates value by some form of company-customer interaction at the design stage of the operations level to create customized products, following a hybrid strategy combining cost leadership and differentiation” (Kaplan and Haenlein 2006). A challenge that distinguishes architecture from other professions is the large design space that has to be offered. Naval architects always make variations of a ship with a hull, an engine, and a variety of equipment. Designers in the footwear industry always deal with feet of different sizes and customers with different uses and styles. In contrast, architectural design projects range from working on a bridge to a high-rise to small furniture. Johanna Daaboul stated that MC can be offered either via product variability or process variability (Daaboul et al. 2011). Offering both, a wide range of process variability and product variability, is a core service of being an architect and makes mass customization especially complex. First, every project site is unique and includes the functional requirements, locally available materials, climate and building culture of a given location to be unique. Second,
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