Two-step optimization process for grass hydrolysate application as biodiesel feedstock with novel quality characteristic
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Two-step optimization process for grass hydrolysate application as biodiesel feedstock with novel quality characteristics Mahboobeh Madani 1 & Ramin Rezahasani 2 & Laleh Hoveida 1 & Solmaz Ghojavand 1 & Marjan Enshaeieh 3 Received: 11 January 2020 / Accepted: 26 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A major obstacle to biodiesel commercialization is supplying feedback which increases production costs. The potential of some oleaginous yeast for conversion of waste materials to biodiesel feedstock can overcome this problem. In this study, a potential oleaginous yeast strain was used for single-cell oil (SCO) production. Two sets of experiments were designed for the optimization process. According to the results obtained from the first experiment, lipid production and lipid content of this strain increased from 1.96 g/L and 22.6% to 3.85 g/L and 35.18% by optimization of grass hydrolysis, respectively. The results of the second experiment indicate an increase in SCO production and lipid content to 7.28 g/L and 56.39%, respectively. These results were obtained when HNO3 was used for substrate pre-treatment. Lipid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed a suitable and high potential of fatty acid profile for biodiesel production, which was then confirmed by evaluating the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel obtained in compliance with the US and EU standards. Consumption of microbial oil and low-cost substrate can compensate the high costs of feedstock in biodiesel production. Keywords Microbial oil . Grass hydrolysis . Oleaginous yeast . Waste materials . Single cell oil production . Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Introduction Microbial oil is mainly composed of triacylglycerol (TAG), containing long-chain fatty acids with an analogous composition similar to plant oil (Kosa and Ragauskas 2011; Pan et al. 2009). Some oleaginous yeast strains can consume low-cost fermentation media like waste-renewable, low-cost substrate from agricultural and related industrial products (Cheirsilp and Louhasakul 2013; Rodionova et al. 2017). This ability allows them to become new cell factories for conversion of low-cost material to high-value products and make the bioconversion process more economical (Soccol et al. 2017). Responsible Editor: Ta Yeong Wu * Marjan Enshaeieh [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2
Department of Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
There are three main steps in the conversion of lignocellulosic compounds to biodiesel: (1) hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose, (2) conversion of sugar to microbial oil, and (3) transesterification into biodiesel (Dai et al. 2010). Lignocellulosic waste materials are usually burned or destroyed. The agricultural and forest residues contain the largest sou
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