Variations and Potential Factors of Gut Prokaryotic Microbiome During Spawning Migration in Coilia nasus
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Variations and Potential Factors of Gut Prokaryotic Microbiome During Spawning Migration in Coilia nasus Cong‑ping Ying1 · Min Jiang1 · Lei You1 · Jin‑hao Tan1 · Yan‑ping Yang1 · Yin‑ping Wang1 · Kai Liu1 Received: 29 November 2019 / Accepted: 12 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Coilia nasus is influenced by various external pressures during spawning migration and these anadromous transitions can lead to specific gut microbiome characteristics that affecting the host biological process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the variations of components and functions in the gut prokaryotic microbiome during spawning migration as well as the key factors that triggered the changes. The gut microbiome in C. nasus was mainly consisted of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Deinococcus-Thermus and Fusobacteria via 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing. The relative abundance of Acinetobacter and Clostridium increased, while Corynebacterium, Actinomyces, Bacillus, Klebsiella and Ochrobactrum decreased after entering freshwater, indicated the preference of C. nasus gut microbial members transferred from seawater to freshwater. Additionally, the proportion of Firmicutes significantly decreased and then increased, as well as the arise of some soil bacteria in gut, corresponding to the phenomenon that C. nasus are fasting during the upstream process and refeeding after entering the spawning grounds. The function prediction of gut microbiome was also consistent with the above results. The present study generally demonstrated the gut microbiome dynamics and the significant correlation between the gut microbiome and salinity and feeding behavior in the spawning migration of C. nasus.
Introduction The anadromous Japanese grenadier anchovy (Coilia nasus) is a typical migratory fish resource in the lower Yangtze River of China with high economic and ecological value. As the yearly declining catch yield, C. nasus has been classified as the national key protective species [1]. C. nasus annually undergo the long-distance spawning migration from the coastal ocean up to freshwater in the spring [2]. During the upstream migration, oocytes of C. nasus gradually mature and then fish lays eggs in the spawning ground of the Yangtze River [3]. This valuable fish’s final location of spawning migration is located from Anqing City to Poyang Lake in Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02088-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kai Liu [email protected] 1
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, Wuxi 214081, China
the Yangtze River [4], and the fish is generally considered to be fasting during spawning migration [5]. Hence, C. nasus tended to consume endogenous energy reserves to support t
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