Wilt of Acer negundo L. caused by Fusarium nirenbergiae in China

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ORIGINAL PAPER

Wilt of Acer negundo L. caused by Fusarium nirenbergiae in China Xianghui Zhao1 • Huan Li1 • Lifeng Zhou1 • Fei Chen1 • Fengmao Chen1

Received: 24 December 2018 / Accepted: 3 March 2019 Ó The Author(s) 2019

Abstract Boxelder maple (Acer negundo L.) is widely grown as ornamental trees in China. In 2017 in Pizhou, Jiangsu Province, China, the boxelder maple trees suffered from a disease which caused wilting and yellowing leaves, rotted roots, and discolored xylem. The disease broke out from July to August. Seven fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissue and tested for pathogenicity. Isolate An7 was isolated at high frequency from the discolored vascular tissues, which caused the wilt disease on healthy 2-year-old seedlings after inoculation and eventually killed all the seedlings. We conducted molecular analysis for An7, including the partial sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer, calmodulin, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit and the translation elongation factor 1-a and evaluation of the variously sized conidia, chlamydospores and conidiophores and cultural traits. The pathogen was identified as Fusarium nirenbergiae, a member of the Fusarium oxysporum species

Project funding The work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Number: 2017YFD0600104). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Tao Xu.

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-00996-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Fengmao Chen [email protected] 1

Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People’s Republic of China

complex. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. nirenbergiae causing wilt on A. negundo in China. Keywords Boxelder maple  Fusarium oxysporum species complex  Identification  Pathogenicity test

Introduction Native to North America, boxelder maple (Acer negundo L.), has a large crown, beautiful stature and colorful fall foliage. Because of its high ornamental value, rapid growth and valuable characteristics, such as tolerance of sun exposure and a wide range of soil conditions, including salt and alkali, it is widely used for urban greening in China, especially in northern China, where the soil is poor and highly saline (Li et al. 2014). Moreover, boxelder maple also has considerable food and industrial value. It blooms in early spring and is rich in nectar, making it a valuable food source for honey bees. Bark fiber from boxelder maple can be used for papermaking, and the quality of wood is so high that it can be used for furniture and joinery (Hu and Zhai 2017). However, in Pizhou, wilt has killed hundreds of boxelder seedlings during the past 2 years, affecting the local environment and causing serious economic losses. Several pathogens of boxelder maple have been reported. In Seville,

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