A novel aqueous gallic acid-based natural deep eutectic solvent for delignification of hybrid poplar and enhanced enzyma
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
A novel aqueous gallic acid-based natural deep eutectic solvent for delignification of hybrid poplar and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of treated pulp Yanliang Song . Xiaoyou Shi . Sen Ma . Xue Yang . Xu Zhang
Received: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) emerged as a promising solvent used for lignocellulosic biomass dissolution and lignin separation. In this work, we prepared an aqueous NADES from choline chloride and a type of aromatic hydrogen bond donor, gallic acid-monohydrate, according to the possible solute-solvent interactions where phenyl-based NADES possessed favorite interactions with lignin aromatic compounds. Aqueous gallic acid-based NADES induced a high lignin removal (50.0%) of poplar and enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis yield of treated pulp (69.1%). Presence of water aided in decreasing NADES viscosity and improving mass transfer. Various characterization approaches of extracted lignin were employed to investigate changes of molecular weights, types and amounts of hydroxyl groups and crucial linkages. The aqueous gallic acidbased NADES exploited in this work exhibited desirable delignification performance. Formation of considerable hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between the aromatic gallic acid-based
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03342-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Y. Song X. Shi S. Ma X. Yang X. Zhang (&) Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China e-mail: [email protected]
NADES and lignin contributed to the reduced reaggregation and condensation of separated lignin fragments. Keywords Gallic acid Natural deep eutectic solvent Delignification Enzymatic hydrolysis Lignocellulosic biomass
Introduction Lignocellulosic biomass is a natural renewable resource of polysaccharides and aromatic compounds in abundance and it is typically composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (Nimz 1984). Using lignocellulose as feedstock, various value-added chemicals and materials could be prepared and utilized as alternative to petroleum-based resource contributing to management of greenhouse gas emission and air pollution (Azadi et al. 2013; Upton and Kasko 2016). Therefore, biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass to obtain value-added products involving renewability, biodegradability and low cost attracts growing attention (Zakzeski et al. 2010; Xie et al. 2017). Nevertheless, as an evolutionary adaption and resistance to microbial erosion, water destroying and force fracture, lignin binds tightly to cellulose and hemicellulose via chemical linkages (Zeng et al. 2015). This type of dense structure also brings challenges to treatment and conversion of lignocellulose with high efficiency.
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