A novel negevirus isolated from Aedes vexans mosquitoes in Finland
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ANNOTATED SEQUENCE RECORD
A novel negevirus isolated from Aedes vexans mosquitoes in Finland Maija T. Suvanto1,2 · Phuoc Truong Nguyen1 · Ruut Uusitalo1,2,3 · Essi M. Korhonen1,2 · Giulia Faolotto4 · Olli Vapalahti1,2,5 · Eili Huhtamo1,2 · Teemu Smura1,5 Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Negeviruses are insect-specific enveloped RNA viruses that have been detected in mosquitoes and sandflies from various geographical locations. Here, we describe a new negevirus from Northern Europe, isolated from pool of Aedes vexans mosquitoes collected in Finland, designated as Mekrijärvi negevirus (MEJNV). MEJNV had a typical negevirus genome organization, is 9,740 nucleotides in length, and has a GC content of 47.53%. The MEJNV genome contains three ORFs, each containing the following identified conserved domains: ORF1 (7,068 nt) encodes a viral methyltransferase, an FtsJlike methyltransferase, a viral RNA helicase, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, ORF2 (1,242 nt) encodes a putative virion glycoprotein, and ORF3 (660 nt) encodes a putative virion membrane protein. A distinctive feature relative to other currently known negeviruses is a 7-nucleotide-long overlap between ORF1 and ORF2. MEJNV shares the highest sequence identity with Ying Kou virus from China, with 67.71% nucleotide and 75.19% and 59.00% amino acid sequence identity in ORF 1 and ORF 2, respectively. ORF3 had the highest amino acid sequence similarity to Daeseongdong virus 1 and negevirus Nona 1, both with 77.61% identity, and to Ying Kou virus, with 71.22% identity. MEJNV is currently the northernmost negevirus described. Our report supports the view that negeviruses are a globally distributed, diverse group of viruses that can be found from mosquitoes in a wide range of terrestrial biomes from tropical to boreal forests. Negeviruses are positive-sense single-stranded enveloped RNA viruses of insects. They have been isolated from mosquitoes of various genera (e.g., Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, and Psorophora) and from Lutzomyia sandflies around the world, including the Americas, Africa, Middle East, Europe, Asia, and Australia [1–6]. Negeviruses have 9- to 10-kb genomes that contain three open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes a methyltransferase, an FTsJ-like helicase, a viral Handling Editor: T. K. Frey. * Maija T. Suvanto [email protected] 1
Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
2
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
3
Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
4
Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Maggiore Della Carità Di Novara, Piemonte, Novara, Italy
5
Department of Virology and Immunology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
RNA helicase, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), ORF2 encodes glycoproteins, and ORF3 encodes virion membrane proteins [1–3]. The recently proposed "Negevirus" taxon cons
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