Novel Mucoralean Fungus From a Repugnant Substrate: Mucor merdophylus sp. nov., Isolated From Dog Excrement
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Novel Mucoralean Fungus From a Repugnant Substrate: Mucor merdophylus sp. nov., Isolated From Dog Excrement Diogo X. Lima1 · R. W. Barreto2 · Hyang B. Lee3 · Thalline R. L. Cordeiro1 · Carlos A. F. de Souza1 · Rafael J. V. de Oliveira1 · André L. C. M. de A. Santiago1 Received: 26 January 2020 / Accepted: 16 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The repeated observation of dog dung covered by abundant white cottony mycelium in a private garden in the city of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) prompted an investigation to clarify the identity of the fungus involved. Three different species of mucoralean fungi (together with some ascomycete asexual morphs) were present. Two were identified as belonging to Mycotypha sp. and Thamnostylum sp., and the third belonged to Mucor sp. This publication deals with the full taxonomic elucidation of the latter. Based on morphological, physiological, and molecular data (ITS and LSU rDNA regions), it was recognized that this Mucor differed from all other species. It produces strongly sympodially circinate branched sporangiophores (some with up to four septa) with numerous swellings resembling abortive sporangia. It also has cylindrical, obovoid, pyriform, or ovoid columellae and its sporangiospores are mostly ellipsoid, although some are subglobose and others are irregular. Based on the evidence of the analyzed datasets, the new species Mucor merdophylus is hereby proposed.
Introduction Species of Mucor are mostly saprobes which are commonly isolated from a range of substrates, but mainly from soil and herbivore dung. As coprophilous, these species are pioneering decomposers, essential for the fecal waste decomposition, participating directly in carbon and nitrogen cycles and helping on the maintenance of ecosystem functions [1, 2]. Although Mucor spp. are not obligate pathogens, some species have been reported as opportunistic pathogens of animals, causing cutaneous and subcutaneous mucormycosis [3–5]. Several species in the genus are used in biotechnological processes, producing enzymes, whereas others are
* Diogo X. Lima [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves, s/n, Recife, State of Pernambuco 50670‑420, Brazil
2
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais 36570‑900, Brazil
3
Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
important in fermentation processes with relevant applications in the food industry [6–8]. The genus Mucor, originally described by Fresenius [9], includes species that produce simple or branched sporangiophores that arise directly from the substrate, as well as globose sporangia with persistent or diffluent sporangial wall without an apophyses [10]. Although not mentioned in the description of the genus, some species
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