An overview of chromium removal techniques from tannery effluent
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REVIEW ARTICLE
An overview of chromium removal techniques from tannery effluent Md. Nur‑E‑Alam1,5 · Md. Abu Sayid Mia2,5 · Farid Ahmad3 · Md. Mafizur Rahman4 Received: 10 January 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Industrial activities that consume water generate wastewater as a by-product of processing which introduces various contaminants such as heavy metals into the neighbouring water bodies that creates adverse effects on the surrounding environment. Tannery industry releases more toxic effluent than most industries, which directly and indirectly exerts stress on various ecosystems. The heavy metal chromium (Cr), one of the pollutants found in tannery effluent, is very much detrimental to human health, animals, and plants. Conventional physico-chemical and biological processes can remove this heavy metal in considerable amounts. Recently, various applications of advanced technologies such as membrane technology, electrocoagulation, ion exchange, and electrodialysis for tannery wastewater have been growing due to their relative advantages over other technologies in terms of sustainability. This paper represents the review of various available techniques as well as represents a case study of chromium removal from tannery effluent by a low-cost absorbent. Keywords Tanning · Chromium removal · Low-cost adsorbents · Tannery effluent · Environmental pollution
Introduction Water in the Earth is analogous to blood in the human body. Without water, Earth may be considered as an another planet, a sterile, desolate, grey hunk of orbiting * Md. Nur‑E‑Alam [email protected] Md. Abu Sayid Mia [email protected] Farid Ahmad [email protected] Md. Mafizur Rahman [email protected] 1
Leather Research Institute (LRI), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), 1350 Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2
Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, 1209 Dhaka, Bangladesh
3
Institute of Appropriate Technology, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
4
Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
5
Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
rock (Spellman 2017). In the name of urbanization and industrialization, people on Earth are polluting the Earth’s blood that is water. Various industrial processing are the main sources of water pollution, and it may vary extensively with the nature of industry. Wastewaters from industries generally include processing waste from the manufacturing unit, sanitary waste of employees, water discharged from washing factory floor and relatively uncontaminated heating and cooling water (Emongor et al. 2005). Treatment of wastewater for removing toxic metal pollutant contents is of great concern as these metals create a great threat to people’s and animal’s health. Among them, chromium is one of the familiar contaminants which gains importance
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