Development of eco-friendly, self-cleaning, antibacterial membrane for the elimination of chromium (VI) from tannery was
- PDF / 3,150,751 Bytes
- 16 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 62 Downloads / 138 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Development of eco‑friendly, self‑cleaning, antibacterial membrane for the elimination of chromium (VI) from tannery wastewater Z. Arif1 · N. K. Sethy1 · P. K. Mishra1 · B. Verma1 Received: 21 January 2020 / Revised: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 April 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was reformed to the hydrophilic membrane by incorporating synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Cajanus cajan seed extract. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques characterized the composite membrane. The X-ray diffraction confirms the anatase phase of titanium dioxide nanoparticles of crystalline size 15.89 nm. The effect of titanium dioxide concentration on the thermodynamical and rheological properties on the polyvinylidene fluoride casting solution was investigated by the triangle phase diagram and viscosity measurement. It was concluded that titanium dioxide introduction caused thermodynamic enhancement, but the impact of rheological hinderance was higher at high concentrations. The polyvinylidene fluoride/titanium dioxide membranes were used as a bi-functional membrane to evaluate the rejection of chromium (VI) from wastewater; then, they were applied as sunlight-active catalyst membrane to reduce the concentrated chromium (VI) to chromium (III) by reduction. It was concluded that at 0.02 wt% of titanium dioxide, the maximum rejection of 85.59% and a% reduction of 92% was achieved with enhanced flux. Keywords Nanoparticles · Phase diagram · Membrane · Separation technique · Catalyst
Introduction The growing concentration of hazardous chemicals discharged from industries force the government organization to put a restriction on them to limit their discharge. Over a decade, the chromium (VI) is considered as significant contaminants causing health risks among living beings (Loryuenyong et al. 2014). The different source for the existence of hexavalent chromium includes leather tanning, chromate production, paint making and electroplating having discharge concentration ranging from 2000 to 5000 mg/mL but recommended permissible limit is only 2 mg/mL (Belay 2010). One solution to eradicate carcinogenic chromium (VI) is to convert into a non-toxic Cr (III) state, which is also an essential trace metal as human nutrition. The conventional chemical technique needs expensive reducing agents like ferrous sulfate, sodium hydrogen sulfite, Editorial responsibility: J. Aravind. * Z. Arif [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
sodium pyrosulfite and hydrazine hydrate. Also, they are harmful to living beings, human skin and release unwanted chemicals (Dhala et al. 2013). Table 1 lists the pros and cons of different conventional, existing and emergent techniques for removal of a pollutant from wastewater (Abdullah et al. 2019; Crini and Lichtfouse 2019; Burakov et al. 2018). Recently, membrane separation has been widely used to treat wastewater. The
Data Loading...
