Organochlorine Compound Residues in Muscle of Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa L.) and Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus L.): Effects of A
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Organochlorine Compound Residues in Muscle of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.): Effects of Age and Sex Petr Marsˇa´lek • Lenka Zelnı´cˇkova´ • Jitka Mikula´sˇtı´kova´ • Zdenˇka Svobodova´ Zdenˇka Hutarˇova´
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Received: 5 April 2013 / Accepted: 23 September 2013 / Published online: 5 October 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Twenty-six organochlorine pesticides and 7 polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in muscle of wild boar and red deer from the Czech Republic. The concentration of DDT and its metabolites was higher (p \ 0.01) in wild boar than in red deer, while PCBs and HCH were higher (p \ 0.01) in red deer than in wild boar. The concentrations of DDT and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers were higher (p \ 0.05) in juvenile wild boar than in adults. PCB 153 and p,p0 -DDE were the most prominent pollutants in both red deer and wild boar. Keywords
DDT PCB HCH HCB Pesticides
Large amounts of organochlorine compounds such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used worldwide. Although the production and application of most of these compounds was banned in the 1970s in developed countries, they are still of environmental concern because of their low biodegradability and capacity to accumulate in lipids. Both OCPs and PCBs display a variety of endocrine disrupting consequences including estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, and anti-androgenic effects (Ropstad et al. 2006). Research on environmental OCs conducted in the Czech Republic has been primarily focused on aquatic ecosystems (Lana et al. 2010; Svobodova et al. 2003). The
P. Marsˇa´lek (&) L. Zelnı´cˇkova´ J. Mikula´sˇtı´kova´ Z. Svobodova´ Z. Hutarˇova´ Department of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected]
accumulation of OCs in terrestrial food chains is less studied, since levels tend to be lower and concern about exposure is lower in terrestrial than in aquatic food chains (Larsson et al. 1990). The wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) is an omnivorous species and can be considered a good bioindicator of environmental pollution of agricultural areas (Naccari et al. 2004). The red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) is a large herbivorous ungulate and one of the most abundant in central Europe. This study measured the concentrations of 26 OCPs and 7 PCB congeners in muscle tissues of wild boar and red deer from the southern Moravia district of the Czech Republic. Differences in contamination levels were evaluated for sex, age, and species.
Materials and Methods The investigation was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in southern Moravia (Fig. 1). Samples of latissimus dorsi of 26 wild boar and 7 red deer killed during the hunting seasons of were collected and stored at -20°C. The biometric characteristics of animals are given in Table 1. The measurement of OCs was conducted using gas chromatography with ion trap tan
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