Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect of Korean propolis on Helicobacter pylori -induced gastric damage in vitro
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Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect of Korean propolis on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric damage in vitro Moon-Young Song, Da-Young Lee, and Eun-Hee Kim* College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea (Received May 27, 2020 / Revised Jul 24, 2020 / Accepted Jul 27, 2020)
Helicobacter pylori, present in the stomach lining, is a Gramnegative bacterium that causes various gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis and peptic ulcers. Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected from a variety of plants, and contains several natural bioactive substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of Korean propolis on H. pylori-induced damage in the human adenocarcinoma gastric cell line. The propolis used in this study was obtained from the Korea Beekeeping Association in South Korea. The expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins (ILs), such as IL-8, IL-12, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which was increased after H. pylori infection, significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner upon pretreatment with Korean propolis, because of the suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor κB pathway. The anti-oxidative activity of propolis was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate free radical assay. Korean propolis showed significant anti-oxidative effects via reactive oxygen species scavenging. In addition, pretreatment with Korean propolis upregulated the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes through Nrf2 signaling activation. These findings indicate that the use of Korean propolis, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, can be promising for the prevention of H. pylori-induced gastric damage. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Korean propolis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, NF-κB, Nrf2 Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium, which leads to gastric infections, and is prevalent worldwide (Peek, 2005). Helicobacter pylori infection modifies the host immune systems, causing stomach inflammation through a variety of mechanisms. In the early *For correspondence. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-31-881-7179; Fax: +82-31-881-7219 Copyright ⓒ 2020, The Microbiological Society of Korea
stage, acute infection by the bacteria aggravates chronic gastritis, whereas in the later stage, chronic gastritis may lead to gastric ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (Blaser and Atherton, 2004; Peek, 2005; Conteduca et al., 2013). Hence, strategies for inhibiting H. pylori are of great importance. Current strategies for bacterial inhibition are antibiotic therapy and a triple therapy containing a proton-pump inhibitor and two antibiotics (Feng et al., 2016). However, these chemotherapeutic approaches are not ideal, because of the increasing incidence of drug resistance and t
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