Aqueous extract of fresh leaves from Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze: chemical evaluation and antimycobacterial and
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Aqueous extract of fresh leaves from Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze: chemical evaluation and antimycobacterial and anticandidal activities Amanda Dias de Araújo1,4 · Maria do Carmo de Barros Pimentel1 · Camila da Silva Santos1 · Roberto Afonso da Silva1 · Pabyton Gonçalves Cadena2 · Nicácio Henrique da Silva1 · Norma Buarque Gusmão1 · Bruno Alonso Sleifer3 · Maria da Paz Carvalho da Silva1 · Amélia Teresinha Henriques3 Received: 29 May 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 © Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University 2020
Abstract The focus of this study was to evaluate the presence and type of carbohydrates and phenolic molecules inaqueous extract (Aq-E) of Alternanthera brasiliana fresh leaves and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity in vitro. The amount and types of the carbohydrates were measured by colorimetric and TLC methods. Phenolic compounds was detected by colorimetric assay and analysed by HPLC profiles. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS and Phosphomolybdenum methods. Antimicrobial activity was tested by microdilution method using microorganism models and antibiotic as positive control, the cytotoxicity in vitro was tested using Artemia salina. The results showed the presence of high amount of total sugars and uronic acids. TLC chromatograms showed mainly D-glucose, D-fructose, oligosaccharides and uronic acids in the Aq-E and a sugar alcohol in the methanolic extract. The colorimetric determination showed high concentration of phenolic compounds, which were visualised on the HPLC profiles, such as chemical markers of the Amaranthaceae family and several phenolic acids and flavonoids. The Aq-E demonstrated optimal antioxidant activities. The most important results were the excellent antibacterial and bactericidal activities against Mycobacterium megmatis (MIC = 15.6 µg/mL and MBC = 1000 µg/mL) and antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans (MIC = 31.2 µg/mL) and low cytotoxicity. Further possibilities for this plant extract will be to improve the pharmacological potential for developing new herbal medicines and possibly to study its association to allopathic antibiotics for prevention or treatment of infection diseases. Keywords Alternanthera brasiliana · Amaranthaceae · Carbohydrates · Mycobacterium smegmatis · Candida albicans · Antioxidant · Antimicrobial
* Amanda Dias de Araújo [email protected] 1
Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Departamento de Bioquímica, Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Recife, PE 50780‑901, Brazil
2
Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171‑900, Brazil
3
Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610‑ 000, Brazil
4
Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências (CB), Universidade Federal de Pern
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