Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines Methods and Protocols
This volume summarizes current cutting-edge methods related to carbohydrate-based vaccines, from the identification of a suitable carbohydrate antigen via the preparation of glycoconjugate vaccines to the characterization of vaccine candidates for t
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Bernd Lepenies Editor
CarbohydrateBased Vaccines Methods and Protocols
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Bernd Lepenies University of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Hannover, Germany
Editor Bernd Lepenies University of Veterinary Medicine Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses Hannover, Germany
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-2873-6 ISBN 978-1-4939-2874-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2874-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015944318 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Carbohydrates are the most abundant and structurally diverse molecules in nature. They are displayed on all cells in our body and form the so-called glycocalyx. However, carbohydrates are also present on pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi. These unique carbohydrate structures on the pathogen surface serve as “pathogen signatures” that are recognized as foreign by the host immune system and may finally induce a protective immune response. Since numerous glycan epitopes are highly pathogen-specific, they are promising candidates for carbohydrate-based vaccines. The history of carbohydrate-based vaccines dates back to 1923 when Avery and Heidelberger identified the carbohydrate nature of the pneumococcal capsule derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Since then, tremendous progress has been made in the development of carbohydrate-based vaccin
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