Complete mitochondrial genome of the Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus (Phasianidae), with phylogenetic implication
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METHODS AND RESOURCES ARTICLE
Complete mitochondrial genome of the Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus (Phasianidae), with phylogenetic implication Yang Chen1 · Fengjun Li2 · Qi Zhang2 · Qiong Wang2
Received: 19 September 2017 / Accepted: 13 October 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017
Abstract The Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus is listed as National First Class Protected Animal in China, and also listed as Near Threatened species recently by the red list of China’s vertebrates. In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Himalayan Monal was determined for the first time. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,709 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosome RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and one non-coding regions. We also examine its phylogenetic position with respect to other eight Galliformes species. Tree constructed using Bayesian phylogenetic methods demonstrated L. impejanus as a sister to Lophophorus lhuysii. Our data would provide useful information for application in conservation genetics and evolution for the threatened species. Keywords Mitochondria genome · Phasianidae · Conservation genetics · Lophophorus impejanus
Introduction Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus) is a bird of genus Lophophorus of the family Phasianidae (Ali and Ripley 1983). The species is associated with the forested and alpine habitats in the Himalaya (Guo and Zhang 2015). It is distributed in 3000–4000 m of the Himalaya mountains * Qiong Wang [email protected] 1
Chengdu No.7 High School, Chengdu 6100412, Sichuan, China
College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, Sichuan, China
2
(MacKinnon et al. 2000). It has been classified as National First Class Protected Animal in China (Zheng and Wang 1998), and listed as Near Threatened species recently by the red list of China’s vertebrates (Jiang et al. 2016). The species is declining owing to habitat loss and degradation and over-hunting for food (Del Hoyo et al. 1994). In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of L. impejanus and examined its phylogenetic position with respect to other seven species in Galliformes. The sample individual was captured in Dingjie county, Xizang province, China (latitude: 27.862°N, longitude: 87.424°E). Total genomic DNA was extracted from liver tissue using the DNA extraction kit (Aidlab Biotech, Beijing, China). The mitochondrial genome of L. lhuysii (GQ871234) is used to design primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and used as template for gene annotation. The details of PCR protocol followed previous study (Chen et al. 2015) and some changes were made. The mitochondrial genome of L. impejanus is 16,709 bp in length (GenBank accession number MF975712). It is composed of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosome RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and one non-coding region (Table 1). The details of these genes have been listed, and the gene order and gene position has been confirmed on the annular mitochondria (Fig. 1). The total base com
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