The complete mitochondrial genome characterization of Thunnus obesus (Scombriformes: Scombridae) and phylogenetic analys
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TECHNICAL NOTE
The complete mitochondrial genome characterization of Thunnus obesus (Scombriformes: Scombridae) and phylogenetic analyses of Thunnus Li Gong1,2 · Li‑Qin Liu1,2 · Bao‑Ying Guo1 · Ying‑Ying Ye1 · Zhen‑Ming Lü1,2
Received: 29 December 2016 / Accepted: 17 January 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2017
Abstract Thunnu obesus is important in commercial fisheries around the world. Due to human overfishing, climate change and ocean acidification, it was listed as Vulnerable (VU) under the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. In the present study, the complete mitogenome of T. obesus was determined. It is 16,524 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, one origin of replication on the light-strand (OL) and a control region (CR). The overall base composition is 28.5, 25.4, 29.4 and 16.7% for A, T, C and G, respectively. The 13 PCGs encode 3797 amino acids in total, most of which use the initiation codon ATG except COI use GTG, and TAA or TAG as the stop codon, except COII, ND4 and Cyt b use an incomplete stop codon T. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to explore the taxonomic status of T. obesus, which expects for phylogenetic relationship within Thunnu and further conservation strategies for this species. Keywords Bigeye tuna · Mitogenome · Biodiversity · Control region · Phylogenetic tree
* Zhen‑Ming Lü [email protected] 1
National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1, South Haida Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang, China
2
National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang, China
Bigeye tuna, Thunnu obesus is important in commercial fisheries around the world. Due to human overfishing, climate change and ocean acidification, it was listed as Vulnerable (VU) under the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2011. Over the past decades, the adult biomass have declined about 20%, and if fishing mortality continues at current levels, the biomass may undergo further declines to about half the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) level (Brill et al. 2005). Therefore, conservation approaches for this species are desperately needed. So far, large numbers of molecular information, mitochondrial DNA, for instance, has proven to be a useful marker for genetic structure analyses and further restoration strategies. Additionally, despite the fact that the Thunnu appears to be a monophyletic unit well-supported by both morphology and molecular data (Collette et al. 2001), the phylogenetic relationships among species within the genus, however, are controversial (Bartlett and Davidson 1991; Chow and Kishino 1995; Takeyama et al. 2001). Accordingly, in the present study, we determined and described the complete mitochondrial genome of T. obesus and constructed the phylogenetic relationship among all Th
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