Desulfuromonas palmitatis sp. nov., a marine dissimilatory Fe(III) reducer that can oxidize long-chain fatty acids
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© Springer-Verlag 1995
O R I G I N A L PA P E R
John D. Coates · Debra J. Lonergan · Elizabeth J. P. Philips · Harry Jenter · Derek R. Lovley
Desulfuromonas palmitatis sp. nov., a marine dissimilatory Fe(III) reducer that can oxidize long-chain fatty acids
Received: 2 March 1995 / Accepted: 14 September 1995
Abstract Studies on the microorganisms living in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments in San Diego Bay, California led to the isolation of a novel Fe(III)-reducing microorganism. This organism, designated strain SDBY1, was an obligately anaerobic, non-motile, non-flagellated, gram-negative rod. Strain SDBY1 conserves energy to support growth from the oxidation of acetate, lactate, succinate, fumarate, laurate, palmitate, or stearate. H2 was also oxidized with the reduction of Fe(III), but growth with H2 as the sole electron donor was not observed. In addition to various forms of soluble and insoluble Fe(III), strain SDBY1 also coupled growth to the reduction of fumarate, Mn(IV), or S0. Air-oxidized minus dithionite-reduced difference spectra exhibited peaks at 552.8, 523.6, and 422.8 nm, indicative of c-type cytochrome(s). Strain SDBY1 shares physiological characteristics with organisms in the genera Geobacter, Pelobacter, and Desulfuromonas. Detailed analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence indicated that strain SDBY1 should be placed in the genus Desulfuromonas. The new species name Desulfuromonas palmitatis is proposed. D. palmitatis is only the second marine organism found (after D. acetoxidans) to oxidize multicarbon organic compounds completely to carbon dioxide with Fe(III) as an electron acceptor and provides the first pure culture model for the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids coupled to Fe(III) reduction. Key words Desulfuromonas · Fe(III) reduction · Sulfur reduction · Marine sediments · Palmitate
J. D. Coates · D. J. Lonergan · E. J. P. Philips · H. Jenter Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, 430 National Center, Reston, VA 22092, USA D. R. Lovley (Y) Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Tel. +/1-413-545-9651; Fax +/1-413-545-1578
Introduction Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction are important and are sometimes the predominant processes for the decomposition of naturally occurring organic matter in a variety of marine and estuarine sediments (Sørensen 1982; Aller et al. 1986; Lovley and Phillips 1986b; Canfield 1989; Aller 1990; Hines et al. 1991; Canfield et al. 1993a, b). For example, in detailed studies on the anaerobic processes at three sites off the coast of Denmark, Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction were found to account for 21–100% of the anaerobic decomposition in the upper 10 cm (Canfield et al. 1993a). Even when oxygen respiration was considered in a subsequent study, Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction accounted for as much as 30–90% of the organic matter decomposition at these sites (Canfield et al. 1993b). Most of the organic matter oxidation coupled to Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction in marine sediments and other sedimentary environments can be attribu
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