Earthworms promote the accumulation of rhizodeposit carbon to soil macroaggregate in a Mollisol of Northeast China, prim
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-020-0062-2
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Earthworms promote the accumulation of rhizodeposit carbon to soil macroaggregate in a Mollisol of Northeast China, primarily in long-term no-till soil Xinyu Zhu1, Yunchuan Hu1, Zhiguo Li1, Donghui Wu2,3,4 ,* 1 School of Surveying and Planning, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China 2 Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China 3 Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China 4 Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China HIGHLIGHTS
GRAPHICAL
ABSTRACT
• Earthworms increased soil macroaggregate (>2 mm and 0.25–2 mm) formation. • Maize roots and earthworms interact to produce soil macroaggregate. • Earthworms were effective in transferring rhizodeposit carbon into macroaggregate, especially in soil derived from a long-term no-till system. • Rhizodeposits were protected during soil aggregation.
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history: Received April 28, 2020 Revised August 11, 2020 Accepted August 25, 2020 Keywords: Earthworms Root-derived carbon Soil aggregation Isotope labeling Rhizodeposotion Tillage
As soil ecosystem engineers, earthworms are the main promoters of soil aggregation, a process that drives the production of ecosystem services by soils. A crucial factor in the ecosystem service of carbon sequestration is rhizodeposit carbon, which is the main energy source of soil food webs. The effects of earthworms on the distribution of rhizodeposit-carbon in soil aggregates remain unclear. 13 Here, we conducted a CO2 labeling experiment to determine the effects of earthworms on maize rhizodeposit carbon in soil aggregates after 14 years (2002–2016), in both conventional tillage (CT) and conservation tillage (no tillage, NT) soils. Four treatments were established in total: NTE (no tillage soil with earthworms), CTE (conventional tillage soil with earthworms), NTC (control, no tillage soil without earthworms), and CTC (control, conventional tillage soil without earthworms). Earthworms significantly enhanced the abundance of soil macroaggregates (>2000 μm and 250– 2000 μm) on day 30 compared with day 2 (after labeling), especially in the NT soils. On day 30, in the presence of earthworms, the amounts of rhizodeposit carbon in the >2000 μm and 250–2000 μm soil aggregates in the NT soils were significantly higher than in those in the CT soils (P < 0.05), and higher 13 d C signatures in the same size aggregates were observed in the NT soils than in the CT soils (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that compared with the CT soils, with the involvement of earthworm activity, the NT soils promoted more rhizodeposit carbon transformation to the soil macroaggregates. Our results clearly indicate that soil macroaggregates formed in different tillage soils in the presence of 2 different engi
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