Enzymatic removal of inhibitory compounds from lignocellulosic hydrolysates for biomass to bioproducts applications

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(2020) 36:166

REVIEW

Enzymatic removal of inhibitory compounds from lignocellulosic hydrolysates for biomass to bioproducts applications Robson Tramontina1,2   · Lívia Beatriz Brenelli3 · Victoria Sodré4,5   · João Paulo Franco Cairo4 · Beatriz Medeiros Travália2   · Viviane Yoshimi Egawa6 · Rosana Goldbeck2   · Fabio Marcio Squina4  Received: 20 July 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract The physicochemical pretreatment is an important step to reduce biomass recalcitrance and facilitate further processing of plant lignocellulose into bioproducts. This process results in soluble and insoluble biomass fractions, and both may contain by-products that inhibit enzymatic biocatalysts and microbial fermentation. These fermentation inhibitory compounds (ICs) are produced during the degradation of lignin and sugars, resulting in phenolic and furanic compounds, and carboxylic acids. Therefore, detoxification steps may be required to improve lignocellulose conversion by microoganisms. Several physical and chemical methods, such as neutralization, use of activated charcoal and organic solvents, have been developed and recommended for removal of ICs. However, biological processes, especially enzyme-based, have been shown to efficiently remove ICs with the advantage of minimizing environmental issues since they are biogenic catalysts and used in low quantities. This review focuses on describing several enzymatic approaches to promote detoxification of lignocellulosic hydrolysates and improve the performance of microbial fermentation for the generation of bioproducts. Novel strategies using classical carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), such as laccases (AA1) and peroxidases (AA2), as well as more advanced strategies using prooxidant, antioxidant and detoxification enzymes (dubbed as PADs), i.e. superoxide dismutases, are discussed as perspectives in the field. Keywords  Biorefinery · Detoxification enzymes · Fermentation · Inhibitory compounds · Lignin · Lignocellulose

Background * Fabio Marcio Squina [email protected] 1



Programa de Pós‑Graduação em Biociências e Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos (BTPB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

2



School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

3

Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning (NIPE), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

4

Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil

5

Programa de Pós‑Graduação em Biologia Funcional e Molecular (BFM), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

6

School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil









Lignocellulosic biomass is made of polysaccharides comprising cellulose (C6 sugar monomers) and hemicellulose (C5 and C6 sugar monomers), and a phenolic heteropolymer named lignin. The renewable production of a wide range of biomo

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