Evaluation of carbon sources, gelling agents, growth hormones and additives for efficient callus induction and plant reg
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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2017 (September) 20 (3) : 185 ~ 192 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-017-0046-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evaluation of Carbon Sources, Gelling Agents, Growth Hormones and Additives for Efficient Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Indian Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Mature Embryos Kapil Malik1, Deepshikha Birla1, Honey Yadav1, Manish Sainger1, Darshna Chaudhary1, Pawan K. Jaiwal1* 1
Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak-124001, India
Received: April 25, 2017 / Revised: May 21, 2017 / Accepted: June 24, 2017 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2017
Abstract Various factors affecting in vitro regeneration like different carbon sources, different gelling agents, and growth additives were assessed comprehensively for callus induction and plant regeneration for five Indian wheat cultivars using mature embryos as the explants for the first time. The tissue culture responses of cultivars WH-1105, HD-2967, and PBW-343 have not been reported earlier. Besides, the effect of different concentrations of the cytokinin, zeatin has also been optimized. Using the optimized factors, the efficiency of five different varieties, i.e., HD 2967, C 306, RAJ 3765, WH 1105, and PBW 343 was evaluated for regeneration. Modified MS basal medium containing dicamba reduced precocious germination of the embryo and induced embryogenic callus more efficiently. Removal of embryogenic calli from non-regenerable structures during early callus phase improved plant regeneration. These calli on zeatin (1.0 mgl-1) and dicamba (0.1 mgl-1) containing medium showed the highest regeneration frequency (98%) with a maximum of 8-9 shoots per calli. Maltose had the maximum callusing and regeneration percentage than other carbon sources. Various gelling agents did not have any significant difference on the regeneration. Of all the varieties, C-306 and HD-2967 were found to be more regenerative and can be used in transformation experiments. Key words : Callus induction, dicamba, embryogenic calli, genotype, mature embryo, regeneration
Introduction Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple food crop of the world. It is the third largest cereal in terms of production in the world after rice and maize and the second most important in terms of calories after rice. It is the source of maximum proteins among cereals (www.wheat.org). Worldwide, it is cultivated on approximately 218 million hectares of land with a production of 713 million tons (FAOSTAT 2013). Global climatic changes and environmental stresses have decreased its production by 20-30%. However, to feed the growing population, wheat production is to be increased by about 60% by 2050 (www.wheat.org). This can be achieved by breeding high yielding and nutritionally rich Pawan K. Jaiwal () Email: [email protected]
The Korean Society of Crop Science
varieties adapted to diverse environments using sustainable crop management practices. Genetic engineering is the most likely approach to develop agronomical superior wheat with improved qua
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