Facile and green fabrication of electrochemical sensor based on poly(glutamic acid) and carboxylated carbon nanosheets f
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Facile and green fabrication of electrochemical sensor based on poly(glutamic acid) and carboxylated carbon nanosheets for the sensitive simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) Shou-lian Wei 1 & Liang-jie Yan 1 & Xiang-jin Huang 2 & Jian-wen Li 3 & Su Yao 1 & Hua-sheng Zhang 2 & Ai-zhen Xu 2 Received: 18 May 2020 / Revised: 22 September 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work describes the development of a simple, effective, and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carboxylated carbon nanosheets (cCNSs) and poly(glutamic acid) (PGA) for the simultaneous detection of trace amount of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The cCNSs were introduced to increase the effective surface area and electron transport efficiency of the sensor, while PGA acting as a capturer could capture target metal ions and eventually enhance the selectivity and sensitivity in the detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II). The designed sensor showed a linear range of 1.0–100.0 μg/L for both metal ions, with detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.13 μg/L for Cd(II) and 0.15 μg/L for Pb(II), respectively. The sensor was applied to the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the water and rice samples, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). It also gave excellent performance with regard to its selectivity, recovery, stability, and reproducibility. Keywords Poly(glutamic acid) . Carboxylated carbon nanosheets . Cadmium and lead . Anodic stripping voltammetry . Electrochemical detection
Introduction Cadmium and lead are regarded as hazardous pollutants due to their high toxicity and easy accumulation, which pose a threat to human health even in trace amounts [1, 2]. Hence, the detection of these toxic metal ions in environmental and food samples is extremely necessary. Several methods such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [3], graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) [4], inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) [5], and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03810-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xiang-jin Huang [email protected] 1
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
2
Zhaoqing Institute for Food Control, Zhaoqing 526060, China
3
Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520, China
inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [6] have been used for the analysis of heavy metal ions. However, some drawbacks remain for these spectroscopic methods, such as expensive instruments, complicated operation procedures, and high running costs, which prompt researchers to explore simple and efficient techniques for a heavy metal ion assay. Differential pulse anodic
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