Impact and significance of pretreatment on the fermentable sugar production from low-grade longan fruit wastes for bioet
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Impact and significance of pretreatment on the fermentable sugar production from low-grade longan fruit wastes for bioethanol production Tu Vy Thuy Nguyen 1,2 & Yuwalee Unpaprom 2,3 & Numchok Manmai 4 & Kanda Whangchai 5 & Rameshprabu Ramaraj 1,2 Received: 2 August 2020 / Revised: 16 August 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The feasibility of bioethanol production from low-grade longan fruit waste material was recently studied as a novel substrate for bioethanol production. First, hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis converted both the cellulosic and hemicellulosic biomass of the low-grade longan fruit wastes into fermentable sugars, which eventually produced ethanol by yeast fermentation. Therefore, an optimal condition of hydrothermal residence time and pretreatment concentration was determined to obtain the high release of sugars. An experimental design was constructed with the Central Composite Design (CCD) response surface method using factors of the hydrothermal residence time and pretreatment concentration in constant temperature and time. The results revealed optimum reducing sugar yield of 240.396 g/L (R2 = 0.9989), sugar productivity of 240.396 g/L.day (R2 = 0.9763), and sugar yield coefficient of 24.04 g/g (R2 = 0.9989). The highest ethanol yield (16.74 g/L) was achieved at 24 h of fermenting time. These results show that low-grade longan fruit wastes are an excellent feedstock for producing ethanol that could be either used as biofuel or as a beverage. Keywords Low-grade longan fruit wastes . Sustainable biomass . Fermentable sugars . Bioethanol production
1 Introduction Currently, renewable energy has become a popular solution to the energy crisis. It is the potential sustainable and clean energy. Renewable resources of energy are fighting against climate changes, and together they advance economic growth, grow the number of employed people, and afford energetic safety [1–3]. These resources are the most plentiful, available, * Rameshprabu Ramaraj [email protected]; [email protected] 1
School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
2
Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
3
Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
4
Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
5
Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
and inexpensive materials on earth. There are some categories of renewable energy, such as solar, wind, hydro, tidal, geothermal, and biofuel [4, 5]. Biofuel is gaining global attention due to its prospect as an additive for petroleum-derived transportation fuels. One of the biofuels which are used for transportation is bioethanol [6, 7]. There are three primary raw materials for bioethanol production: sugar/starch, w
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