Porous graphitic carbon sheets with high sulfur loading and dual confinement of polysulfide species for enhanced perform
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Porous graphitic carbon sheets with high sulfur loading and dual confinement of polysulfide species for enhanced performance of Li–S batteries E. Hari Mohan1,2, Katchala Nanaji1, Srinivasan Anandan1, B. V. Appa Rao2, and Tata Narasinga Rao1,* 1
International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Balapur, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500005, India 2 Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana State 506004, India
Received: 13 January 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 30 August 2020
Micro- and mesoporous graphitic carbon sheets (MGC) were synthesized from jute sticks (bio-waste) and employed as an efficient polysulfide inhibitor for sulfur cathode in a lithium–sulfur battery application. The as-prepared MGC possesses sheet-like morphological characteristics with unique textural properties such as high specific surface area (2047 m2 g-1), large pore volume (1.69 cc3 g-1) and has excellent graphitic carbon structures. Studies were made in order to optimize the sulfur loading into MGC and to modify the polypropylene separator by coating with a thin layer of as-prepared MGC to attain enhanced electrochemical performance. The optimized sulfur loaded MGC/S-2 cathode with modified separator delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1542 mAh g-1 and retained a discharge capacity of 1016 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles at 0.2 C rate, attributed to high surface area and porosity of MGC, which act as host as well as barrier film that inhibits the migration of dissolved polysulfide species to the anode during the redox process. Furthermore, the novel cell configuration with modified separator renders high sulfur loading up to 9.3 mg cm-2 and the resulting cell delivered a high discharge capacity of 632 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C rate even at 50th cycle.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Handling Editor: Kyle Brinkman.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05193-2
J Mater Sci
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
Introduction Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on the intercalation chemistry are the most widely used energy storage system in advanced portable electronic devices. However, the energy density of the currently used lithium-ion batteries is inadequate for the upcoming electric vehicle technology [1]. Moreover, the electrode materials for the fabrication of LIBs are very expensive. Hence, research has been directed toward the next-generation energy storage systems of high performance and low cost. The lithium–sulfur battery working on the principle of conversion chemistry is considered to be an alternative to LIBs owing to its high specific energy (2600 Wh kg-1), which is far higher than the specific energy delivered by the state-of-the-art LIBs. However, the commercialization of this system is hindered due to several scientific and technological issues. Irrespective of above advantages, several drawbacks including (1) low active material (sulfur) utilization; (2) low electrical conductivity o
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