Pukyongia salina gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae
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Pukyongia salina gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae§ Young-Sam Kim, Seong-Jin Kim, Yeon Hee Jang, and Kyoung-Ho Kim* Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea (Received Jun 20, 2019 / Revised Mar 6, 2020 / Accepted Mar 6, 2020)
A Gram-negative aerobic bacterium, designated RR4-38T, was isolated from a biofilter in a seawater recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) in Busan, South Korea. The bacteria were irregular, short, rod-shaped, non-motile, oxidase-positive, and catalase-negative. Growth of the strain RR4-38T was observed at 15–35°C (optimum, 25–30°C), pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum, pH 8.0), and in the presence of 0–5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain RR4-38T formed a distinct lineage with close genera Ulvibacter (≤ 95.01% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Aureitalea (94.74%), Aureisphaera (≤ 93.27%), and Jejudonia (93.07%) that all belong to the family Flavobacteriaceae. Whole-genome sequence comparison revealed that the ANI (average nucleotide identity) and digital DDH (DNA-DNA hybridization) values between strain RR4-38T and the two closest strains, Ulvibacter antarcticus DSM 23424T and Aureitalea marina S1-66T, were 68.96– 69.88% and 17.4–19%, respectively. The genome analysis revealed that the strain might be involved in biodegradation of organic debris produced by farmed fish in aquaculture systems. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6 and the major cellular fatty acids were isoC15:0 (26.5%), iso-C17:0 3-OH (16.4%), iso-C15:1 G (15%), and iso-C16:0 3-OH (9.6%). The major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminolipids, and glycolipids. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic features, strain RR4-38T represents a novel genus and species in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Pukyongia salina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RR4-38T (= KCTC 52651T = DSM 108068T). Keywords: Pukyongia salina, Flavobacteriaceae, novel genus, seawater recirculating aquaculture system
Introduction The family Flavobacteriaceae contains more than 150 genera, occupying more than 90% of the class Flavobacteriia. It is the largest family in the phylum Bacteroidetes (https://www.ezbiocloud.net/; Nov. 2019). Along with the high number of genera in the family, its members have been isolated from various environments, such as human clinical samples, foods, plants, animals, soil, freshwater, hypersaline lakes, and diverse marine environments (McBride, 2014). Generally, strains of the family Flavobacteriaceae are heterotrophs and play important roles in the circulation of organic matter in the aquatic and marine environments (Kirchman, 2002; Williams et al., 2013). Marine Flavobacteria has been reported to contribute to the mineralization of organic matter in marine environments and they are involved in the degradation of marine conglomerations
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