Adipose-derived stem cells and rabbit bone regeneration: histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and mechanical character
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Adipose-derived stem cells and rabbit bone regeneration: histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and mechanical characterization Elena Arrigoni • Laura de Girolamo • Alessia Di Giancamillo Deborah Stanco • Claudia Dellavia • Davide Carnelli • Marino Campagnol • Cinzia Domeneghini • Anna T. Brini
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Received: 10 September 2012 / Accepted: 11 December 2012 / Published online: 24 January 2013 Ó The Japanese Orthopaedic Association 2013
Abstract Background In the last few years, several attempts have been made to treat large bone loss, including the use of tissue engineering with osteoinductive scaffolds and cells. This study highlights the role of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ASCs; adipose-derived stem cells) in a rabbit bone regeneration model. Methods We compared the neoformed bone tissues achieved by treating critical tibial defects with either hydroxyapatite alone (HA, group I) or hydroxyapatite–autologous ASC constructs (ASCs-HA, group II), investigating
E. Arrigoni and L. de Girolamo contributed equally to this work.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00776-012-0349-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. E. Arrigoni D. Stanco C. Dellavia A. T. Brini (&) Department of Biomedical, Surgical, Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy e-mail: [email protected] L. de Girolamo A. T. Brini IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milan, Italy A. Di Giancamillo C. Domeneghini Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy D. Carnelli LaBS, Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Structural Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy M. Campagnol Central Facility, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
their histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and biomechanical properties. Results After eight weeks of follow-up, we observed advanced maturation and a spatial distribution of new bone that was more homogeneous in the inner parts of the pores in group II, not just along the walls (as seen in group I). The new tissue expressed osteogenic markers, and biomechanical tests suggested that the newly formed bone in group II had a higher mineral content than that in group I. Although variability in differentiation was observed among the different cell populations in vitro, no differences in bone healing were observed in vivo; the variability seen in vitro was probably due to local microenvironment effects. Conclusions Tibial defects treated with rabbit ASCs-HA showed an improved healing process when compared to the process that occurred when only the scaffold was used. We suggest that implanted ASCs ameliorate the bone reparative process either directly or by recruiting resident progenitor cells.
Introduction Translational medicine may help clinicians such as orthopedic and maxillofacial surgeons and dentists, who more frequently encounter case
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