Assessment of fungal diversity in soil rhizosphere associated with Rhazya stricta and some desert plants using metagenom
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Assessment of fungal diversity in soil rhizosphere associated with Rhazya stricta and some desert plants using metagenomics Samah O. Noor1 · Dhafer A. Al‑Zahrani1 · Refaei M. Hussein2,3 · Mohammed N. Baeshen4 · Tarek A. A. Moussa5 · Salah M. Abo‑Aba1,6 · Ahmed M. Al‑Hejin1 · Nabih A. Baeshen1 · John P. Huelsenbeck7 Received: 31 March 2020 / Revised: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aimed to compare the fungal rhizosphere communities of Rhazya stricta, Enneapogon desvauxii, Citrullus colocynthis, Senna italica, and Zygophyllum simplex, and the gut mycobiota of Poekilocerus bufonius (Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae, “Usherhopper”). A total of 164,485 fungal reads were observed from the five plant rhizospheres and Usherhopper gut. The highest reads were in S. italica rhizosphere (29,883 reads). Species richness in the P. bufonius gut was the highest among the six samples. Ascomycota was dominant in all samples, with the highest reads in E. desvauxii (26,734 reads) rhizosphere. Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes were the dominant classes detected with the highest abundance in C. colocynthis and E. desvauxii rhizospheres. Aspergillus and Ceratobasidium were the most abundant genera in the R. stricta rhizosphere, Fusarium and Penicillium in the E. desvauxii rhizosphere and P. bufonius gut, Ceratobasidium and Myrothecium in the C. colocynthis rhizosphere, Aspergillus and Fusarium in the S. italica rhizosphere, and Cochliobolus in the Z. simplex rhizosphere. Aspergillus terreus was the most abundant species in the R. stricta and S. italica rhizospheres, Fusarium sp. in E. desvauxii rhizosphere, Ceratobasidium sp. in C. colocynthis rhizosphere, Cochliobolus sp. in Z. simplex rhizosphere, and Penicillium sp. in P. bufonius gut. The phylogenetic results revealed the unclassified species were related closely to Ascomycota and the species in E. desvauxii, S. italica and Z. simplex rhizospheres were closely related, where the species in the P. bufonius gut, were closely related to the species in the R. stricta, and C. colocynthis rhizospheres. Keywords Fungi · Metagenomics · Rhizosphere · Rhazya stricta · Gut · Usherhopper
Introduction
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02119-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tarek A. A. Moussa [email protected] 1
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2
University of Jeddah, College of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biological Sciences, Al Kamel Province, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3
Genetics and Cytology Dept. Genetic Engineering Division, National Resesrch Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
The climate in Saudi Arabia is hot and dry throughout most of the country. Due to its arid climate, the flora of Saudi Arabia has been neglected like other Gulf countries in the A
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