Behavior of Surfactants in Oil Extraction by Surfactant-Assisted Acidic Hydrothermal Process from Chlorella vulgaris
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Behavior of Surfactants in Oil Extraction by Surfactant-Assisted Acidic Hydrothermal Process from Chlorella vulgaris Ji-Yeon Park 1
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& Min-Cheol Kim & Bora Nam & Hoseob Chang & Deog-Keun Kim
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Received: 9 July 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
The feasibility of surfactants for enhancement of extraction efficiencies in wet oil extraction through an acidic hydrothermal process was evaluated. Three different types of surfactants were tested: anionic (SDBS and SDS), cationic (CTAB and MBC), and non-ionic (IGEPAL CA-210 and Tween 60). The total fatty acid content of Chlorella vulgaris was 291.0 mg/g cell. Under the no-surfactant condition, the oil-extraction yield of the acidic hydrothermal extraction was 75.5%. The addition of SDBS and MBC at the 0.4% concentration showed enhanced oil-extraction performance, 85.4 and 85.7% yields, respectively. CTAB and Tween 60 showed low extraction yields, less than 43.0%. SDS and IGEPAL CA-210 showed high oil-extraction yields, higher, in fact, than the initial fatty acid content, due to surfactant partitioning into microalgal oil. With increasing surfactant concentration, the oil-extraction yields of CTAB decreased, those of IGEPAL CA-210 gradually increased, and those of SDBS increased and then decreased again. The best performance, an oil-extraction yield of 95.6%, was observed under the 0.2% SDBS, 120 °C, 1 h condition. Although IGEPAL CA-210 showed the high net oil-extraction yield of 98.3% at the 0.6% surfactant concentration, 61.2% of surfactant was partitioned into oil.
Keywords Chlorella vulgaris . Acidic hydrothermal treatment . Wet oil extraction . Surfactant partitioning . Microalgal biodiesel
Highlights • Extraction of microalgal oil by surfactant-assisted acidic hydrothermal process • Partitioning of SDS and IGEPAL CA-20 into microalgal oil due to hexane affinity • High oil-extraction yield of SDBS with good phase-separation performance Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-02003426-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
* Ji-Yeon Park [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Introduction Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that, due to their unicellular or simple multicellular structure, can live under harsh conditions and grow rapidly [1]. Under light conditions, microalgae are capable of converting carbon dioxide and water into macromolecules such as oils, polysaccharides, and proteins [2]. Many researchers have emphasized the several advantages of using microalgae instead of other available feedstocks for biodiesel production [3–5]. Specifically, microalgae have much higher growth rates and productivity when compared with conventional forestry, agricultural crops, and other aquatic plants and require much less land area than other biodiesel feedstocks of agricultural origin. B
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