Carbide Derived Carbon (CDC) as novel adsorbent for ibuprofen removal from synthetic water and treated sewage effluent
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Carbide Derived Carbon (CDC) as novel adsorbent for ibuprofen removal from synthetic water and treated sewage effluent Ismail W. Almanassra 1 & Viktor Kochkodan 2,3 & Guhankumar Ponnusamy 2 & Gordon Mckay 1 & Muataz Ali Atieh 4,5 & Tareq Al-Ansari 1,3,6 Received: 4 March 2020 / Revised: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose Pharmaceuticals are becoming one of the largest environmental concerns when it comes to the water treatment industry. Increased usage of these chemicals poses a serious risk to ecology and human health due to their leakage into surface waters. In the present study, carbide derived carbon (CDC) was used for the first time as a new adsorbent to remove ibuprofen from synthetic water and wastewater effluent. Methods The morphology, chemical composition, surface area and surface charge of the CDC particles were investigated using the transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, BET analysis and zeta potential measurements. The effects of CDC dosage, temperature, initial pH and agitation speed on the adsorption process were examined by using batch adsorption experiments. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and isotherms were investigated. Results Adsorption and kinetic equilibrium data demonstrate that the adsorption of ibuprofen onto the CDC obeys the Langmuir isotherm model and the kinetics follow the pseudo-2nd order mechanism. The thermodynamic results reveal that ibuprofen adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. The ibuprofen removal by CDC was mainly controlled by the electrostatic forces at high pH of the feed solution and by the dispersive interactions in acidic media. The ibuprofen removal is promoted at high temperature, high agitation speed and low pH. The highest adsorption capacity of ibuprofen onto the CDC was 367 mg/g at pH 3. Furthermore, the CDC efficiently removed ibuprofen from spiked treated sewage effluent. Conclusions The obtained data indicate that the CDC provides a fast and efficient adsorptive removal of ibuprofen both from a model aqueous solution and treated sewage effluent. Keywords Adsorption . Ibuprofen . Carbide derived carbon . Treated sewage effluent
Introduction There is a rising societal awareness and concern about the increased environmental pollution in water bodies [1]. The
* Viktor Kochkodan
emerging contaminants in such delicate ecosystems are increasing in diversity in terms of type and source where the origins can be from insecticides, herbicides, domestic wastes, food processing waste, volatile organic compounds, chemical
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Doha, Qatar
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College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Desalination Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Division of Engineering Management and Decision Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Kh
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