Development of EST-derived microsatellite markers in the pearl oyster Pinctada martensii (Dunker) for genetic resource m
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Development of EST-derived microsatellite markers in the pearl oyster Pinctada martensii (Dunker) for genetic resource monitoring Ying Qiu • Xuzhen Huang • Hu Lu • Yaohua Shi • Aimin Wang • Yan Wang
Received: 6 October 2012 / Accepted: 2 November 2012 / Published online: 10 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract Seventeen microsatellite markers were isolated from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Pinctada martensii for genetic resource monitoring. All loci amplified consistently in a wild Sanya Bay population and in a hatchery strain produced by intraspecific cross breeding. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 11 as characterized in 21 wild pearl oysters, and 4 to 8 in 21 hatchery individuals. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.50 to 0.88, 0.10 to 0.86 in wild population, and 0.38 to 0.85, 0.10 to 0.91 in the hatchery, respectively. Most of those loci are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P [ 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). Results revealed significant genetic differentiation between the wild and hatchery populations. These markers should be useful for population genetics studies and genetic resource monitoring in this species. Keywords Microsatellite EST Pinctada martensii Genetic differentiation The pearl oyster, Pinctada martensii, is a marine bivalve mollusk belonging to family Pteriidae. It is an important mariculture species with high value for cultured pearl production in China and Japan (Shi et al. 2009). The pearl oyster farming industry, however, has been confronted with several problems for a long time. The growth rate of hatchery stocks is getting slower resulting in the decrease of yield of the pearl oyster and the pearl, possibly caused by the continuous Y. Qiu X. Huang H. Lu Y. Shi A. Wang Y. Wang (&) Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Marine Biology Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, Ocean College, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China e-mail: [email protected]
inbreeding of hatchery-produced seed (Gu et al. 2009). Hence we put our efforts to set up a genetic improvement project several years ago to address those issues (Gu et al. 2011). Previous effort to crossbred the native hatchery population with the imported Indian population with special characters (e.g. thinner shell, faster grow and poor fitness at high temperature) have resulted in a hybrid strain with a significant growth vigor (Gu et al. 2011). However, the hatchery pearl oysters are usually cultured in hanging cages in Hainan coast, and some individuals tend to spawn monthly. Their germ cell and larvae may spread along with the currents, settle down somewhere and reproduce again. Thus it is crucial to assess the impact of introducing the Indian pearl oysters in the hatchery to the wild pearl oysters population near the cultured seashore. To facilitate the genetic assessment, we have first sequenced the cDNA libraries of P. martensii (Wang et al. 2010; Shi et al. 2012) t
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