Effect of microalgae Messastrum gracile and Chlorella vulgaris on the in vitro propagation of orchid Cattleya labiata
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Effect of microalgae Messastrum gracile and Chlorella vulgaris on the in vitro propagation of orchid Cattleya labiata Joana Rosar Corbellini 1 & Luciana Lopes Fortes Ribas 1 & Fabiano Rodrigo de Maia 1 & Diego de Oliveira Corrêa 2 & Miguel Daniel Noseda 2 & Rogério Mamoru Suzuki 3 & Érika Amano 1 Received: 19 May 2020 / Revised and accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two green microalgae (Messastrum gracile and Chlorella vulgaris) in comparison with plant growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine, BAP; thidiazuron, TDZ; zeatin, ZEA) on the in vitro propagation of Cattleya labiata, an endangered orchid, using the thin cell layer (TCL) technique from protocorms. TCL sections were cultivated in MS/2 medium containing M. gracile extract (EM) and biomass (BM); C. vulgaris extract (EC) and biomass (BC); and BAP, TDZ, and ZEA in different concentrations. Subsequently, the explants were grown in MS/2 medium, with 2 g L−1 of activated charcoal, to induce elongation and roots formation. For acclimatization, plants were transplanted in trays using Sphagnum sp. as substrate. TCL explants showed a higher formation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) than entire protocorms. Explants cultivated in media supplemented with BM showed a high rate of PLB regeneration (59%) and high mean number of PLBs (4 per explant) and 85% survival after acclimatization of the plants. Supplementation with BAP stimulated similar morphogenic responses to those observed with BM and superior results obtained with ZEA and TDZ. Mass propagation of C. labiata plants was successfully achieved using TCL, and it is recommended to supplement the MS/2 medium with 4 g L−1 of BM or 4 mg L−1 of BAP. Microalgae extracts and biomasses are effective alternatives for in vitro propagation of C. labiata that can replace plant growth regulators, as they favored the formation of PLBs and plants. Keywords Micropropagation . Thin cell layer . Protocorm-like bodies . Cytokinins . Chlorophyta . Microalgae biomass . Microalgae extract
Introduction The family Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants and it is also one of the most threatened by habitat destruction and climate change, but many orchids are also threatened by unsustainable (often illegal and/or undocumented) harvest for horticulture, food, or medicine (Fay 2018). This indiscriminate collection for horticulture has been documented as having a major impact on some orchids, notably species of Cattleya, Laelia, Renanthera, and some slipper
* Luciana Lopes Fortes Ribas [email protected] 1
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
2
Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
3
Orquidário do Estado, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
orchids (Fay 2018). Orchid germination is very difficult in nature by the characteristics of their microscopic seeds (the absence of cotyledon and functional endosperm and the small size
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