Effects of biochar on nitrification and denitrification-mediated N 2 O emissions and the associated microbial community
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of biochar on nitrification and denitrification-mediated N2O emissions and the associated microbial community in an agricultural soil Xingren Liu 1 & Yulong Shi 1 & Qingwen Zhang 1 & Guichun Li 1 Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a strong greenhouse gas, and it is of great significance for N2O reduction to study the effects of biochar on its production pathway. In this research, the contributions and mechanisms of biochar on autotrophic nitrification (ANF), heterotrophic nitrification (HNF), and denitrification (DF) to N2O emissions were studied by using 15N stable isotopes and high-throughput sequencing after laboratory incubation. The results showed that biochar addition at 2% (B2) significantly reduced the N2O emissions from the ANF by an average of 20.6%, while adding 5% biochar (B5) had no significant effect on the ANF. Both B2 and B5 significantly reduced the N2O emissions from the HNF by 15.7% and 13.2%, respectively, and reduced the N2O emissions from the DF by 40.9% and 11.7%, respectively. B2 enhanced the relative contribution rate of the ANF to N2O emissions by 6.3%, while B5 had little effect on it. Biochar addition significantly changed the copy numbers of the AOA and AOB, as well as the nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes, but it had no significant effect on the community composition of the AOA and had minimal effect on the AOB community. B2 significantly increased the abundance of the genus Rhodococcus of nirK type denitrifiers and had a significant effect on the relative abundance of Cupriavidus and Pseudomonas of the nosZ type denitrifiers. These results revealed that the inhibitory effects of biochar on N2O emissions from nitrification might be attributed to the direct immobilization and adsorption of inorganic N by biochar and to its promotion of the genus Rhodococcus of nirK-type denitrifiers and the genera Cupriavidus and Pseudomonas of the nosZ-type denitrifiers. The soil exchangeable NH4+-N and NO3−-N concentrations were the primary factors affecting the N2O emission rates. These results help to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of biochar on N2O production pathways in agricultural soil. Keywords Biochar . Isotope . Acetylene inhibition . High-throughput sequencing
Introduction Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas with a 298-fold higher global warming potential than CO2 over 100 years (Davidson 2009). N2O can also destroy stratospheric ozone, with an atmospheric half-life of 114 years (Ravishankara et al. 2009; Case et al. 2015). Agricultural soil is the main source of N2O in the atmosphere, accounting for Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu * Xingren Liu [email protected] 1
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
approximately 60% of the total N2O emissions (Butterbachbahl et al. 2013; Buckingham et al. 2014). The N2O production in soil is related to various
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