Effects of Prepubertal Exposure to Aroclor-1221 on Reproductive Development and Transcriptional Gene Expression in Femal
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REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of Prepubertal Exposure to Aroclor-1221 on Reproductive Development and Transcriptional Gene Expression in Female Rats Xiang Hua 1 & Huahua Jiang 2 & Na Guo 2 & Yaoyao Du 2 & Xiaoqiong Yuan 2 & Taoran Deng 2 & Xuemei Teng 2 & Yangcheng Yao 2 & Yufeng Li 2 Received: 5 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 # Society for Reproductive Investigation 2020
Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as persistent organic pollutants, are environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). We aim to investigate the effects of prepubertal exposure to PCBs on the reproductive development and expression and regulation of related genes in rats. Female rats were treated with Aroclor-1221 (A-1221) (4 mg/kg/day, 0.4 mg/kg/day) or castor oil daily from postnatal day (PND) 28 for 2 weeks by gavage. Morphological, histological, hormonal, and biochemical parameters were studied. Lower weight and relative weight of hypothalamus, earlier puberty onset, a longer length of the estrous cycle, lower serum estradiol and progesterone levels, accelerated ovarian folliculogenesis, and higher apoptotic index in the ovary were found. The in vitro fertilization study showed a lower fertilization rate and cleavage rate. The genetic study revealed higher expression of Kiss-1 mRNA and lower expression of GnRH mRNA in the hypothalamus and higher expression of AMH mRNA and lower expression of C-myc mRNA in the ovary. These confirmed the reproductive damage of A-1221 in rats. Keywords Polychlorinated biphenyls . Reproductive development . Genetic regulation . Transcriptional gene expression . Prepubertal
Introduction Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a group of benzene-based synthetic organic pollutants, are very stable in physical and chemical properties as environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Since PCBs were first produced in the USA in 1929, they have been widely used as insulation oil, heat carrier, and lubricating oil, as well as additives for many industrial products. They can enter the human body through diet (fish, meat, and dairy products contaminated by PCBs) [1] Xiang Hua and Huahua Jiang contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00290-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yufeng Li [email protected] 1
Reproductive Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
2
Reproductive Medical Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
or air inhalation [2]. PCBs can accumulate through the food chain and have biological amplification. They are nonbiodegradable and lipophilic, can deposit in cells and adipose tissue for a long time, and thus tend to show biological toxicity [3]. Since 1973, the production of PCBs had been reduced or stopped in many countries in the world. However, PCBs persist in the environment and can still be
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