Effects of steam pretreatment on fouled membrane in chemical cleaning for flux recovery in drinking water treatment
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of steam pretreatment on fouled membrane in chemical cleaning for flux recovery in drinking water treatment Eui-Jong Lee 1
&
Seunghyeon Yun 2 & Hyungsoo Kim 2
Received: 6 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper shows the possibility of using steam pretreatment to improve the efficiency of membrane recovery chemical cleaning. Before applying chemicals to clean a fouled membrane, steam pretreatment was employed to loosen the structure of the foulant layer and weaken the attachment of those foulants on the membrane. Although longer steam contact times would lead to even better cleaning efficiency, the steam pretreatment duration was limited to less than 2 min to maintain membrane integrity. When cleaning fouled membranes with 1 mol/L HCl, the cleaning efficiency without steam pretreatment went from 83.3 to 90.2% as cleaning time increased from 30 to 180 min. As for 90-s steam pretreatment, the cleaning efficiency showed high values of more than 93% regardless of cleaning time. When the concentration of HCl was decreased to 0.2 mol/L, the cleaning efficiencies with a 90-s steam pretreatment was 78.6% and 92.6% for relatively short cleaning times of 30 and 60 min, respectively; this is much higher than the 62.2% and 76.7% achieved when cleaning without steam pretreatment. In addition, when using alkaline solution as the cleaning chemical, similar results were obtained. This implies that the application of steam before chemical cleaning is effective in improving cleaning efficiency, and so, this technique has the potential to reduce the amount of cleaning chemical required for membrane recovery cleaning. Keywords Steam pretreatment . Drinking water treatment . Membrane fouling . Chemical cleaning . Cleaning efficiency . Filtration resistance
Introduction Membrane-based filtration has become an option to replace conventional drinking water treatment systems due to its selectivity and compactness (Ke et al. 2013). However, membrane fouling that deteriorates membrane permeability and selectivity is still an inevitable obstacle to overcome before we see the large-scale application of membranes in water treatment (Alzahrani and Mohammad 2014). The fouling layer normally consists of humic acids, proteins, and Responsible Editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * Eui-Jong Lee [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
2
Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440746, Republic of Korea
polysaccharide-like substances in drinking water processes (Shi et al. 2014). To minimize operating and maintenance costs, membrane fouling has to be well managed during operation and any fouling must be removed effectively by chemical cleaning for flux recovery. Membrane fouling can generally be divided into reversible and irreversible fouling according to the adhesion
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