Exposure to a high dose of amoxicillin causes behavioral changes and oxidative stress in young zebrafish
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Exposure to a high dose of amoxicillin causes behavioral changes and oxidative stress in young zebrafish Cinara L. Gonçalves 1 & Francine F. P. Vasconcelos 1 & Leticia B. Wessler 1 & Isabela S. Lemos 1 & Gabriela Candiotto 1 & Jaime Lin 1 & Mariane B. D. Matias 1 & Eduardo P. Rico 1 & Emilio L. Streck 1 Received: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social and communication skills. Autism is widely described as a behavioral syndrome with multiple etiologies where may exhibit neurobiological, genetic, and psychological deficits. Studies have indicated that long term use of antibiotics can alter the intestinal flora followed by neuroendocrine changes, leading to behavioral changes. Indeed, previous studies demonstrate that a high dose of amoxicillin can change behavioral parameters in murine animal models. The objective was to evaluate behavioral and oxidative stress parameters in zebrafish exposed to a high dose of amoxicillin for 7 days. Young zebrafish were exposed to a daily concentration of amoxicillin (100 mg/L) for 7 days. Subsequently, the behavioral analysis was performed, and the brain content was dissected for the evaluation of oxidative stress parameters. Zebrafish exposed to a high dose of amoxicillin showed locomotor alteration and decreased social interaction behavior. In addition, besides the significant decrease of sulfhydryl content, there was a marked decrease in catalase activity, as well as an increased superoxide dismutase activity in brain tissue. Thus, through the zebrafish model was possible to note a central effect related to the exposition of amoxicillin, the same as observed in murine models. Further, the present data reinforce the relation of the gut-brain-axis and the use of zebrafish as a useful tool to investigate new therapies for autistic traits. Keywords Autism . Oxidative stress . Amoxicillin . Zebrafish
Introduction Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction, communication, and repetitive and restricted behaviors and interests (DSM-IV) comprising a heterogeneous and complex group of pathological conditions (Kumar et al. 2012). Epidemiological studies show that autism and generalized developmental disorders collectively referred to as ASD is more common than previously thought. A very recent study showed that the current prevalence is about 1 in 54 children in the USA (Maenner et al. 2020; Baird et al. 2006). ASD is diagnosed based on the patient’s clinical history and is defined
* Emilio L. Streck [email protected] 1
Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC 88806-000, Brazil
by behavior-related symptoms such as communication deficits, irritability, difficulties in social interaction
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