Gold nanotubes: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Gold nanotubes: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications Yan-ling Liu 1
&
Jian Zhu 1 & Guo-jun Weng 1 & Jian-jun Li 1 & Jun-wu Zhao 1
Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This review (with 106 references) summarizes the latest progress in the synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of gold nanotubes (AuNTs). Following an introduction into the field, a first large section covers two popular AuNTs synthesis methods. The hard template method introduces anodic alumina oxide template (AAO) and track-etched membranes (TeMs), while the sacrificial template method based on galvanic replacement introduces bimetallic, trimetallic AuNTs and AuNT-semiconductor hybrid materials. Then, the factors affecting the morphology of AuNTs are discussed. The next section covers their unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and their catalytic properties. This is followed by overviews on the applications of AuNTs in biosensors, protein transportation, photothermal therapy and imaging. Several tables are presented that give an overview on the wealth of synthetic methods, morphology factors and biological application. A concluding section summarizes the current status, addresses current challenges and gives an outlook on potential applications of AuNTs in biochemical detection and drug delivery. Keywords Gold nanotubes . Synthesis . Protein transportation . Biosensor . Photothermal therapy
Introduction Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991 [1], noble metal tubular nanostructures have aroused great interest because of combination of properties from the metal components and good biocompatibility, especially gold nanomaterials. In the last decades, different types of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been reported in the literature due to their countless biomedical applications [2], including biosensors [3], targeted drug delivery [4], catalysis [5], drug release, photothermal therapy [6] and molecular imaging [7]. These applications are based on features such as possibility of tuning of particle size (for desired electrical, optical properties), biocompatibility, stability and large surface areas [8]. However, gold nanotubes have several unique advantages compared with other gold nanomaterials, such as being easy to functionalize
* Jian Zhu [email protected] * Jun-wu Zhao [email protected] 1
The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
with various ligands and drugs, higher surface-to-volume ratios than their solid counterparts, superior load-carrying ability and malleable to various sizes and shapes [9]. The synthesis of AuNTs has attracted much enthusiasm because of their unique electronic and optical properties. Perhaps the most conceptually simple method to generate gold nanotubes is to confine their growth with templates.
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