Human levator veli palatini muscle: a novel source of mesenchymal stromal cells for use in the rehabilitation of patient
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(2020) 11:501
RESEARCH
Open Access
Human levator veli palatini muscle: a novel source of mesenchymal stromal cells for use in the rehabilitation of patients with congenital craniofacial malformations Daniela Franco Bueno1,2* , Gerson Shigueru Kabayashi3, Carla Cristina Gomes Pinheiro1, Daniela Y. S. Tanikawa1,2, Cassio Eduardo Raposo-Amaral4, Diogenes Laercio Rocha1, José Ricardo Muniz Ferreira5, Yoichiro Shibuya6, Akishige Hokugo6, Reza Jarrahy6, Patricia A. ZuK6 and Maria Rita Passos-Bueno3
Abstract Background: Bone reconstruction in congenital craniofacial differences, which affect about 2–3% of newborns, has long been the focus of intensive research in the field of bone tissue engineering. The possibility of using mesenchymal stromal cells in regenerative medicine protocols has opened a new field of investigation aimed at finding optimal sources of multipotent cells that can be isolated via non-invasive procedures. In this study, we analyzed whether levator veli palatini muscle fragments, which can be readily obtained in non-invasive manner during palatoplasty in cleft palate patients, represent a novel source of MSCs with osteogenic potential. Methods: We obtained levator veli palatini muscle fragments (3–5 mm3), during surgical repair of cleft palate in 5 unrelated patients. Mesenchymal stromal cells were isolated from the muscle using a pre-plating technique and other standard practices. The multipotent nature of the isolated stromal cells was demonstrated via flow cytometry analysis and by induction along osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation pathways. To demonstrate the osteogenic potential of these cells in vivo, they were used to reconstruct a critical-sized fullthickness calvarial defect model in immunocompetent rats. Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed that the isolated stromal cells were positive for mesenchymal stem cell antigens (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105) and negative for hematopoietic (CD34 and CD45) or endothelial cell markers (CD31). The cells successfully underwent osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cell differentiation under appropriate cell culture conditions. Calvarial defects treated with CellCeram™ scaffolds seeded with the isolated levator veli palatini muscle cells showed greater bone healing compared to defects treated with acellular scaffolds. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2 Hospital Municipal Infantil Menino Jesus, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third
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