Identification of the prion-related protein gene ( PRNT) sequences in various species of the Cervidae family
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Identification of the prion‑related protein gene (PRNT) sequences in various species of the Cervidae family In‑Soon Roh1 · Yong‑Chan Kim2,3 · Hyo‑Jin Kim1 · Sae‑Young Won2,3 · Min‑Ju Jeong2,3 · Hae‑Eun Kang1 · Hyun‑Joo Sohn1 · Byung‑Hoon Jeong2,3 Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 26 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is caused by abnormal deleterious prion protein (PrPSc), and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy occurs in the Cervidae family. In recent studies, the susceptibility of prion disease has been affected by polymorphisms of the prion gene family. However, the study of the prion-related protein gene (PRNT) is rare, and the DNA sequence of this gene was not fully reported in all Cervidae families. In the present study, we amplified and first identified PRNT DNA sequences in the Cervidae family, including red deer, elk, sika deer and Korean water deer, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We aligned nucleotide sequences of the PRNT gene and the amino acid sequences of prion-related protein (Prt) protein among several species. In addition, we performed phylogenetic analysis to measure the evolutionary relationships of the PRNT gene in the Cervidae family. Furthermore, we performed homology modeling of the Prt protein using SWISS-MODEL and compared the structure of Prt protein between sheep and the Cervidae family using the SwissPdbViewer program. We obtained much longer PRNT sequences of red deer compared to the PRNT gene sequence registered in GenBank. Korean water deer denoted more close evolutionary distances with goats and cattle than the Cervidae family. We found 6 Cervidae family-specific amino acids by the alignment of Prt amino acid sequences. There are significantly different distributions of hydrogen bonds and the atomic distance of the N-terminal tail and C-terminal tail between sheep and the Cervidae family. We also detected the mRNA expression of PRNT gene in 3 tissues investigated. To our knowledge, this report is the first genetic study of the PRNT gene in the Cervidae family. Keywords Deer · Prion · Prion protein gene · PRNP · Prion-related protein gene · PRNT · Cervidae
Introduction
In-Soon Roh and Yong-Chan Kim have contributed equally to this work. * Hyun‑Joo Sohn [email protected] * Byung‑Hoon Jeong [email protected] 1
Reference Laboratory for CWD, Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
2
Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820‑120, Hana‑ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
Prion diseases are caused by misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) and denote paramount infection ranges and include various types, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, scrapie in sheep and goats, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in elk and deer [1–9]. Recent studies have repo
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