Microplastics integrating the zooplanktonic fraction in a saline lake of Argentina: influence of water management
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Microplastics integrating the zooplanktonic fraction in a saline lake of Argentina: influence of water management María Belén Alfonso María Cintia Piccolo
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Andrés Hugo Arias
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Received: 11 September 2019 / Accepted: 8 January 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This study address for the first time in Argentina and the South American continent the effect of water management on the presence of microplastics (MPs) in a shallow lake, assessing their contribution to the zooplankton fraction. Water samples were collected in the lake and its principal affluent, an irrigation channel, from winter 2018 to summer 2019 with a zooplankton net (47 μm). MPs were present in all analyzed samples, with a dominance of fibers, black color, and ≤ 1000 μm range size. MPs concentration was maximum during summer at the lake (180 MPs m−3) while during spring (140 MPs m−3) at the channel. Rotifers and cyclopoids dominated the zooplanktonic fraction at both sites which range sizes (< 200 to 600 μm) included most of the size range found for MPs (50–950 μm). According to our results, the MPs found represents a potential risk for the first levels of the food web. In the lake, the concentration of MPs concerning total
zooplankton abundance was higher when the channel was closed. Nevertheless, when the channel was open, the higher concentration in summer matches with the increase of tourism and an extraordinary rainfall. Our results suggest that while the runoff of agro-industrial waste regulates the MPs concentration in the channel, its water management, the touristic activities, and the runoff of MPs from nearby urban settlements regulate the concentration of MPs in the lake. These findings emphasize the need for better treatment of urban and agroindustrial waste that develops near continental aquatic systems, mainly in those where tourism activities are frequent and treatment facilities scarce. Keywords Microplastics . Pollution . Shallow lake . Zooplankton . Water management . South America
Introduction M. B. Alfonso (*) : A. H. Arias : M. C. Piccolo Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Florida 8000, Complejo CCT CONICET Bahía Blanca, Edificio E1, B8000BFW Bahía Blanca, Argentina e-mail: [email protected] A. H. Arias Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, B8000DIC Bahía Blanca, Argentina M. C. Piccolo Departamento de Geografía y Turismo, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 12 de Octubre 1198 4° Piso, B8000CTX Bahía Blanca, Argentina
Plastic products are used by most societies worldwide, and their production has increased dramatically (Li et al. 2018). According to Geyer et al. (2017), the creation of new plastic increases 290 million metric tons from 1985 to 2015. Microplastics (MPs) are defined as synthetic polymers with an upper size limit of 5 mm and without a specified lower limit (Thompson et al. 2009). They can be classified as primary and secondary MPs. Primary MPs are manufactured with a size of less than 5 mm and are
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