MicroRNA and Cancer Methods and Protocols
This volume details basic principles of experimental and computational methods for the study of microRNAs in cancer research and, therefore, provides a firm grounding for those who wish to develop further applications. Written in the highly successful Met
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Wei Wu Editor
MicroRNA and Cancer Methods and Protocols Second Edition
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
MicroRNA and Cancer Methods and Protocols Second Edition
Edited by
Wei Wu Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Editor Wei Wu Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California in San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-7433-7 ISBN 978-1-4939-7435-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-7435-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017955683 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011, 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media, LLC The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A.
Preface The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) heralded an exciting era in biology and started a new chapter in regulation of human genes. The miRNAs are a class of small endogenous noncoding RNAs (~22 nt) that fine-tune gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, mainly through binding 30 -UTR of mRNAs. They are involved in stem cell selfrenewal, cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Small miRNAs have big impacts in cancer development. Among the many miRNAs, a subset was identified as regulators of neoplastic transformation and tumor progression, invasion and metastasis as well as tumor-initiating cells (cancer stem cells). The widespread dere
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