MicroRNAs and target molecules in bladder cancer
- PDF / 875,649 Bytes
- 33 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 46 Downloads / 235 Views
REVIEW ARTICLE
MicroRNAs and target molecules in bladder cancer Payam Kheirmand Parizi1,2 · Fereshteh Yarahmadi3 · Hoseins Movahedi Tabar4 · Zohreh Hosseini5 · Abdolazim Sarli6 · Nadia Kia7 · Alireza Tafazoli8,9 · Seyed‑Alireza Esmaeili10,11 Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) is considered as one of the most common malignant tumors in humans with complex pathogenesis including gene expression variation, protein degradation, and changes in signaling pathways. Many studies on involved miRNAs in BC have demonstrated that they could be used as potential biomarkers in the prognosis, response to treatment, and screening before the cancerous phenotype onset. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many cellular processes through their different effects on special targets along with modifying signaling pathways, apoptosis, cell growth, and differentiation. The diverse expression of miRNAs in cancerous tissues could mediate procedures leading to the oncogenic or suppressor behav‑ ior of certain genes in cancer cells. Since a specific miRNA may have multiple targets, an mRNA could also be regulated by multiple miRNAs which further demonstrates the actual role of miRNAs in cancer. In addition, miRNAs can be utilized as biomarkers in some cancers that cannot be screened in the early stages. Hence, finding blood, urine, or tissue miRNA biomarkers by novel or routine gene expression method could be an essential step in the prognosis and control of cancer. In the present review, we have thoroughly evaluated the recent findings on different miRNAs in BC which can provide com‑ prehensive information on better understanding the role of diverse miRNAs and better decision making regarding the new approaches in the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment of BC. Keywords miRNA · Bladder cancer · Cancer · Biomarker
Introduction Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urological malig‑ nancy and a major tumor in the urinary tract with a high risk of mortality [1]. In 2018, approximately 80,000 new cancers/ year were diagnosed in the United States and about 17,000 * Seyed‑Alireza Esmaeili [email protected] 1
patients/year died due to BC. The incidence and mortal‑ ity rate of bladder cancer in men is four times higher than women. In addition, global cancer statistics have stated that bladder cancer causes 130,000 deaths annually [2]. Despite the advances made in many therapeutic approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, the rate of 7
Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, Torvergata University of Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
8
Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy With the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2
Genome Medica
Data Loading...
