Nano-emulsification of Aeollanthus suaveolens Mart. Ex Spreng essential oil modifies its neuroeffects?
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Nano-emulsification of Aeollanthus suaveolens Mart. Ex Spreng essential oil modifies its neuroeffects? Thamara de Oliveira Ferraz 1,2 & Diego Quaresma Ferreira 1 & Rosa Helena Veras Mourão 3 & Fabio Rocha Formiga 4,5 & José Carlos Tavares Carvalho 1,6 & Caio Pinho Fernandes 1,2 Accepted: 28 August 2020 # Controlled Release Society 2020
Abstract Oil in water nano-emulsions are drug delivery systems constituted by liquid lipophilic nano-droplets dispersed through the external aqueous phase, often reaching the kinetic stability with surfactant as stabilizers. Essential oils can be the oily phase or the source of bioactive compounds. In this study, the essential oil of Aeollanthus suaveolens―a plant used in folk medicine due to its psychopharmacological effects―was used for preparation of fine nano-emulsions by a low-energy titrating method. Monodisperse small nano-droplets (ca. 70 nm; PdI 0.200) were assembled by using blends of non-ionic surfactants, indicating modulation on surfactant system lead to altering the physical property. In a separate set of experiments, we investigated the role of this modulation on biological properties of the optimal nano-emulsion. The zebrafish embryos were more susceptible to the nanoemulsion than the bulk essential oil, showing the improved bioactivity due to nano-sizing. Therefore, adult zebrafish was treated, and paralysis was observed in the groups treated with the nano-emulsion, being this finding in accordance with hypnosis. At the same essential oil dose, another behavior was observed, suggesting that expected dose-dependent effects associated to sedativehypnotics can be achieved by nano-sizing of psychoactive essential oils. This paper contributes to the state-of-art drug delivery systems by opening perspectives for novel sedative-hypnotics nano-emulsified essentials oils that can reach hypnotic effects at considerably lower dose, when compared with bulk materials, being useful for further completed dose-response studies. Keywords Catinga-de-mulata . Danio rerio . Dynamic light scattering . Hypnotic-sedative effect . Nano-emulsion
Introduction The species Aeollanthus suaveolens belongs to the botanical family Lamiaceae, and it is popularly known as caatinga-demulata [1], catinga-de-mulata [2–4], or macassá [5]. It is a * Caio Pinho Fernandes [email protected] 1
Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
2
Laboratory of Phytopharmaceutical Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
3
LABBEX, Federal University of Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
4
Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil
5
Post-graduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife/PE, Brazil
6
Laboratory of Drug Research, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
plant originally from Africa and cultivated in Brazil due to its medicinal properties and spiritual powers [6]. It is describ
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