Nanobiotechnology and Its Application in Nanomedicine: An Overview
Nanomedicine is the application of nanobiotechnologies to medicine. This chapter highlights the recent trends and applications of nanobiotechnology in emerging fields of nanodiagnostics, nanotherapeutics, and nanotheranostics including clinical nanomedici
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Nanobiotechnology and Its Application in Nanomedicine: An Overview Trinayan Deka, Malay K. Das, Sanjoy Das, L. Ronibala Singha, and Punamjyoti Das
Abstract
Nanomedicine is the application of nanobiotechnologies to medicine. This chapter highlights the recent trends and applications of nanobiotechnology in emerging fields of nanodiagnostics, nanotherapeutics, and nanotheranostics including clinical nanomedicine. Keywords
Applied nanobiotechnology · Nanomedicine · Nanodiagnostics · Nanotherapeutics · Nanooncology · Nanocardiology
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Introduction
The term nanotechnology is derived from the Greek word “nano” that means “dwarf” (short man). The term “Nano” means very tiny in size, the scale 109 m or less. All natural materials and systems have their roots at the nanoscale. The basic material for any living organism, i.e., DNA itself has a nano size. Nanotechnology is the science that deals with materials of nano size range. The most emerging field of science and technology is nanobiotechnology that brings together biology, chemistry, physics, and many areas of engineering, biotechnology, and medicine [1]. Nanobiotechnology has been evolved as an entirely new scientific and technological area from the fusion of nanotechnology and biotechnology. It reflects the demanding importance of nanoscience and nanotools in the generation of novel biomaterials for use in tissue engineering, nanosensors used in diagnostics, nanopores that facilitate the passage of single molecules for DNA sequencing, T. Deka (*) · M. K. Das · S. Das · L. R. Singha · P. Das Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 M. K. Das, Y. V Pathak (eds.), Nano Medicine and Nano Safety, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6255-6_1
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Fig. 1.1 Emerging of nanomedicine by application of nanobiotechnology
nanomaterials for application in imaging single molecules or cells, and devices for therapeutic application [2–5]. By integrating innovative applications of nanotechnology into modern biological issues, many approaches of life sciences are being developed by nanobiotechnology [6]. One of the most elegant emerging fields of applied nanobiotechnology is nanomedicine. Nanobiotechnology has its vast application in different branches of medical science. Tissue engineering, advance medical imaging, clinical diagnosis, nano drug formulation, nanobiosensors are some of the important areas where nanobiotechnology plays a leading role (Fig. 1.1). The use of nanobiotechnology to revolutionize the medical fields is being highly focused by the scientist. The basic physiological mechanisms of an organism occur at molecular level, i.e., in the nano scale. Understanding different molecular level mechanisms related to physiological changes leads to development of new ideas in the medical perspectives. Drug targeting at molecular level, use of nanosensors, nanopores, quantum dots are some of the significant examples of recent development in n
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